Unit 1 Nature in the Balance Grammar and usage 学案-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage (I) Ellipsis 一.学习目标 By the end of this section, students will be able to: 1. learn about the functions of ellipsis; 2. summarize the general rules of ellipsis; 3. apply the rules of ellipsis in the context. 二.预习:课本P98“省略”中的材料. 三.合作探究 深度学习 Exploring the rules by going through “Grammar note” from P98 一)、简单句中的省略 1.省略主语:主要是祈使句中的you . (You ) come in ,please! 2.省略主语和谓语的一部分;主语和谓语都很明确时,可将二者同时省略. 如(You come) This way,please. 3.省略宾语:当前后两个句子的宾语一致时,后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know Miss Gao? —I don't know (Miss Gao) 二)、并列句中的省略 在由and或but等连接的并列句中,常省略重复的部分。 1.省略重复的动词. 如 John is a lawyer,and his wife (is) a cleaner. 2.省略重复的短语。如 The boy wanted to play football in the street,but his mother did not allow him to(play football in the street). 3.省略重复的主语与谓语动词。如His advice made me happy,but (his advice made) Jim angry. 三)、复合句中的省略 1.状语从句中的省略 (1)在when,while,if,as if,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等引导的状语从句中,当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be时,从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 如 You'd better look out when (you are) crossing the street. (2)当状语从句的主语为it时,从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.他们不会用太多水。 (3)当比较状语从句的谓语与主句中的相同时,从句中谓语常被省略。 He runs as fast as Bob (runs). 他跑的和Bob一样快。 2.定语从句中的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词who/whom/which/that 可省略。 The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018. Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2018年。 He is the man (who/whom/that) you can depend on. (2)在限制性定语从句中,作状语用的关系代词which/that 可省略。 The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying. 他跟我们说话的方式真烦人。 [名师点津] 当whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略。 3.宾语从句中的省略 (1)由that 引导的宾语从句,that一般可以省略;但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略(如例⑨)。 (2)由when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city). 我知道一个电影明星要来我们的城市,但我不知道他什么时候来。 四 ) 不定式中的省略 1) 保留不定式符号to的场合: ① 不定式作某些动词的宾语时,常见动词如want , like,love,care,hope,wish,expect,prefer,refuse, mean, agree, afford, forget,remember,try,manage等。如:对不起,伤害了你的感