2023届高考英语阅读理解抢分秘籍讲义

高考阅读理解专题 "主旨大意题"怎么蒙？ 只读开头和结尾，文章主旨自然明 解读：通常只读文章的开头和结尾即可得知文章主旨，有时需加读文章第二段开头或各段的开头，甚至倒数第二段内容。 主旨要义题常见干扰项特征 1.无中生有。选项为文章或段落中未提及的内容，这种内容往往符合考生的常识认知。 2.以偏概全。概括的范国过于快窄，只用阐述了文章或段落一部分的内容。 3.断章取义。以文章或段落中的个别信息或个别宇眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文成全段的主要观点。 4.主题扩大。概括的范国过大，超过文章或段落实际讨论的内容。 5. 似是而非。选项中的关键词在文章或段落中出现了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的主旨毫无联系或关联不大。 6.张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。 巧借体裁定主旨 不同体裁的文章，主旨呈现的方式各有特点。 1. 新闻报道：一般在第一段的导语部分概括交代报道的事件； 2.调查研究类说明文：包含研究发现结论的句子一般与文章主旨关系密切(The study shows/indicates that.. .; Researchers have found that. . .） 3.议论文：议论文的论点以及文中反复出现的词或结论性的句子一般体现文章主旨； 4. 记叙文：记叙文的主旨通常不在文章中直接说明，需要考生通读文章内容，总结文章主旨，需要考生结合各段内容才能得出答案。 Passage 1 题材:语言学习 词数：271 The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key to their success: 20 tablet computers（平板电脑）dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they're already amazed."What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten," said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program. The fastest learner and the first to turn on one of the tablets is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device's camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kellesa had figured out its workings. and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia. With his tablet, Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. "Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable." said Keller. The project aims to get kids to a stage called "deep reading"