Unit7 Careers 语法知识点扫盲-2022-2023学年高二英语练好基础（北师大版2019选择性必修三）

Unit7 Careers 语法知识点扫盲 过去分词(短语)作状语 观察句子 ①Attracted by the description of a beautiful city in the newspaper, Jack decided to do something for the surroundings of his own. First, he took up cycling to save resources. Then he called on people to save grains, because he found it hard to tolerate wasting in daily life. After that, ②guided by an expert, he had his previous plan ③adjusted and tried to make a switch. ④United with a group of people who had the same interest with him, he made an effort to handle the ⑤polluted river. Though ⑥rejected sometimes, he never gave up.⑦ Supported by many citizens, he was optimistic about the future of his city. 语法体悟 1．加黑处①、②、④、⑥、⑦表示作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。 2．加黑处③表示过去分词(短语)在句子中可以作宾语补足语。 3．加黑处⑤表示过去分词(短语)在句子中可以作定语。 语法知识精讲 一、过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法 过去分词(v.­ed)是分词的一种。及物动词的过去分词(短语)既表示被动也表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)只表示完成，不表示被动。 ◆Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 过去分词(短语)作状语在句子中可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句。 1．过去分词(短语)作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 ◆Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address), the little boy didn't respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2．过去分词(短语)作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。 ◆Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision), he refused to attend the meeting. 由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。 3．过去分词(短语)作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。 ◆Given more time(＝If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller. 如果给这些树更多的时间，它们会长得更高。 ◆Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapor. 如果加热到高温，水就会变成蒸汽。 4．过去分词(短语)作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。 ◆Left(＝Although he was left) alone at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点也不害怕。 5．过去分词(短语)作方式、伴随状语。 ◆Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom. (＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.) 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 注： (1)过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when、if、while、though、although、even if、until、unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。 ◆Even if