2023年中考化学二轮复习酸碱盐之间的相互转化

酸碱盐之间的相互转化 ①____________________________________ _______________________________________ ②_________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ③_________________________________________ ④____________________________________________ ⑤___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Zn ＋2HCl=== ZnCl2 ＋H2↑ Zn ＋H2SO4=== ZnSO4 ＋H2↑ Fe2O3 ＋6HCl=== 2FeCl3＋3H2O Fe2O3＋3H2SO4=== Fe2(SO4)3＋3H2O AgNO3＋HCl=== AgCl↓＋HNO3 BaCl2＋H2SO4=== BaSO4↓＋2HCl Na2CO3 ＋2HCl=== 2NaCl ＋H2O＋CO2↑ Na2CO3＋H2SO4=== Na2SO4 ＋H2O＋CO2↑ ⑥____________________________________________________ ⑦______________________________________ ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ⑧____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Ca(OH)2 ＋Na2CO3=== CaCO3↓ ＋2NaOH NaOH ＋HCl=== NaCl ＋H2O Ca(OH)2 ＋2HCl=== CaCl2 ＋2H2O 2NaOH ＋H2SO4=== Na2SO4 ＋2H2O Ca(OH)2 ＋H2SO4=== CaSO4 ＋2H2O 2NaOH ＋CuSO4=== Cu(OH)2↓ ＋Na2SO4 Ca(OH)2 ＋CuSO4=== Cu(OH)2↓ ＋CaSO4 ⑨__________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ⑩_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ⑪_________________________________________ ⑫________________________________________________ ⑬___________________________________________________ ⑭_________________________ ⑮________________________________ CO2 ＋2NaOH=== Na2CO3 ＋H2O CO2 ＋Ca(OH)2=== CaCO3↓ ＋H2O NaHCO3 ＋HCl === NaCl ＋H2O ＋CO2↑ 2NaHCO3 ＋H2SO4 === Na2SO4 ＋2H2O ＋2CO2↑ Na2CO3 ＋CaCl2=== CaCO3↓＋2NaCl CaCO3 ＋2HCl=== CaCl2 ＋H2O ＋CO2↑ CaO ＋H2O=== Ca(OH)2 酸的化学性质(酸五条) 化学性质 以稀盐酸、稀硫酸为例 与酸碱指示剂作用 紫色石蕊溶液遇酸变____，无色酚酞溶液遇酸不变色 与活泼金属反应 通式：酸＋活泼金属→盐＋氢气 如Fe＋2HCl=== _________＋H2↑ Fe＋H2SO4=== __________＋H2↑ (现象：有气泡产生，溶液变为浅绿色) 红 FeCl2 FeSO4 2FeCl3 CuSO4 蓝 气泡 BaSO4↓ 白色沉淀 碱的化学性质(碱四条) 化学性质 以氢