内容正文:
动词-ing 形式的用法
一. 动词-ing形式的两个基本特点:表主动或者表进行
1.在时间上表示动作正在进行
试比较: a fallen leaf 已经落地的树叶
eg: a falling leaf 正在飘落的树叶
2. 在语态上表示主动
eg.
Our teacher came into the room, following our monitor.
我们的老师跟在班长后面,走进教室。
试比较:
Our teacher came into the room, followed by our monitor.
我们老师走进教室,班长跟在他后面。
二.动词-ing形式的 时态 与 语态
⑴ 一般形式 doing : 表主动,表进行,表示分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生
eg.
Hearing the wonderful music, I came into the room.
听着美妙的音乐,我走进了教室。
⑵ 被动形式 being done : 表被动,表进行
eg.
Being educated in Beijing University is the dream of many students.
在北京大学受教育是许多学生的梦想。
⑶ 完成形式 having done :表主动,表完成,表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前
eg.
Having finished his homework, he went to play with his friends..
完成作业之后,他和朋友去玩了。
⑷ 完成被动形式 having been done : 表被动,表完成 ,表示分词动作发生在谓语 动作之前
eg.
I hear they have promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention having been promoted when we talked on the phone.
我听说他们提拔了汤姆,但我们在电话里交谈时汤姆没有提到被提拔的事。
三. 现在分词在句子当中担当的句子成分:主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补,状语
⑴动词-ing 形式作主语通常放句首,被看作是单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
1.做主语
eg. Getting up early is a good habit.
eg. It is no use talking with him.
It was a waste of time watching TV.
⑵ 有时用 it 作形式主语,把动词-ing 形式 置后。例如:
a waste of time
no good/no use
It +be+ useless + V-ing
worthwhile
fun
⑶在 there be 结构中作主语,例如:
no
no sense in(没有道理)
There be+ no point in(毫无意义) +V-ing
no use in
eg. There was no knowing when he would leave.
无法知道他什么时候离开。
There is no point in discussing such matter.
讨论这样的问题毫无意义。
2. 作宾语
⑴ 作介词的宾语
eg.
She is interested in working for our firm.
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
⑵ 部分动词后必须用doing 作宾语,例如:enjoy, practise, advise, suggest, mind,
forbid, keep, finish , admit 等。
eg.
I enjoy learning about new things.
我喜欢了解新事物。
You should practise speaking English every morning.
你应该每天早晨练习英语。
注意:有些动词后