内容正文:
Understand the use of ellipsis in English
Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Ellipsis
(省略)
为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种:
一、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
◆(You) Shut up!住嘴!
◆(You) Want a hand?需要帮忙吗?
◆(I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。
◆(It) Doesn't matter.没关系。
2.省略宾语:当前、后两个句子的宾语一致时,后句常常省略宾语。
◆—Do you know Miss Gao?
——你认识高女士吗?
—I don't know (her).
——我不认识。
3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
◆(You come) This way, please.
请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)
◆(Have you) Got any ink?
你有墨水吗?(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)
[即时演练1]——将下列句子改为省略句
(1)You have a seat, please!
→_____________________
(2)What a clever boy he is!
→___________________
(3)I am looking forward to your early reply.
→_____________________________________
Have a seat, please!
What a clever boy!
Looking forward to your early reply.
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中,常常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
◆Tom picked up a comic on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本连环画杂志并把它交给了他的老师。
2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
◆Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
3.若主语和谓语动词都相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。
◆His claim made me happy, but (his claim made)Jim angry.
他的断言使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。
4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。
◆He has a knowledge of china but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of china).
他具备瓷器知识,但他的朋友不具备。
[即时演练2]——写出下列句中可以省略的部分
(1)Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.______________
(2)He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later._________
(3)My friend Mary didn't come to school, but I wonder why she didn't come to school.___________________________
others后的study
第二个he
she didn't come to school
三、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句中的省略
(1)在when、while、if、as if、though、although、as、until、once、whether、unless、whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
◆Wood gives off much smoke while (it is