专题28 上海高考完形填空命题剖析及解题方略 -【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练（上海专用）二轮

►专题28 上海高考完形填空命题剖析及解题方略 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点精 讲 【考情链接】 上海高考英语完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 【要点梳理】 · 考向一：[句内层次题]　 1．利用句内语法结构或对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 [示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable 2. 利用句内词汇线索暗示分析法解题 解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。正确答案必须有逻辑衔接关系或上下文等提示依据，如并列（同义词、近义词）、转折（反义词）、递进等。 例：Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability group so _____58_____ that the most able pupils are (held back) and are bored while the least able are lost and _____69_____ bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favor of mixed-ability school football teams. 58. A.wide B. similar C. separate D. unique 60. A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly [示例] A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). 59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable 3.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。 [示例]　Katherine Ellison, a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist says she didn’t understand why her son behaved like that, and admits, her behavior was also(58) __________ the situation. 58. A contributing to B. composed of C. resulting from D. giving rise to [示例] A cus