2022-2023学年外研版英语八年级下册现在完成时讲义及练习

初中时态： 现在完成时 1． 概念 现在完成时表示过去发生并已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，且又可能还会持续的动作或状态。 2． 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的句式 肯定句 主语+have/has + 动词过去分词+其他 否定句 主语+have/has not + 动词过去分词+其他 一般疑问句 Have/ Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+ 动词过去分词+其他 ？ Who+ have/has +主语+ 动词过去分词+其他 ？ 规则动词的过去式变化 1. 一般在词尾加“-ed”：help-helped、clean-cleaned 2. 以不发音的e结尾的词在词尾加“-ed”：like-liked、live-lived 3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾时，加“-ed”；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾时，变y为i，再加“-ed”: play-played、stay-stayed; study-studied、carry-carried 4、 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个字母加“-ed”：stop-stopped、trip-tripped 3． 现在完成时的用法 1. 表示过去发生并已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响： · I have heard of the man. 2. 过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，且又可能还会持续的动作或状态： · I have lived in this city since I was born. 4． 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语 already, yet(常用于否定句和疑问句中表示“仍，还”), before, recently, never, ever, once, twice等。 · I have already finished my homework. 固定的短语：for+ 一段时间， since+ 过去时间点+ ago，so far, up to now, in the past/ last three years · I have been here since two months ago. 5． 难点拓展 1. since 和 for 的区别 since用来说明动作的起始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。 · I have been here since two months ago. · I have taught English for 15 years. 练习：用 for 或 since填空 1.______two years 2._______two years ago 3._______last month 4.______1999 5._______yesterday 6._______4 o’clock 7.______4 hours 8._______an hour ago 9._______we were children 10._____lunch 2. already 和yet的区别 already 多用于肯定句，yet多用于否定或疑问句； · I have already seen the film twice. · He hasn’t seen the film yesterday. 3. 短暂性动词和持续性动词 短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用 open – be open close – be closed finish – be over begin – be on move/come – be (in/at) go /leave – be away borrow - keep buy - have die – be dead arrive/reach/get to–be in/at · I have kept the book for five years. 4. have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别 · He has been to the Great Wall twice. (去过) · He has gone to the cinema. (去了) · He has been in Tibet for two years.(待了) 练习： 用Have been to,have gone to,have been in填空 1. Mike and his parents________ the north for half a year. 2. Hi Jim! W