内容正文:
Grammar
分词
1
分词是非谓语动词的一种,在句中起形容词和副词的作用
可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等
分词有两种:现在分词(v.-ing)和过去分词(v.-ed)
Definition
分词 语义 例句
现在分词 主动、 进行 developing country 发展中国家
Do you know the woman talking to Tom?
过去分词 被动、 完成 developed country 发达国家
He is a respected teacher. 受人尊敬的老师
Basic form
现在分词形式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词只有一种形式,即done。
◆Being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person.
有人和你说话时,你应该看着那个人的眼睛。
分词作定语
分词 例句 解读
现在分词 The young man sitting between John and Mary is an editor.
=The young man who is sitting between John and... 被修饰词the young man与分词sitting为逻辑上的主动关系,sit动作正在进行。
过去分词 The problem discussed yesterday has been solved.
=The problem which was discussed yesterday has been solved 被修饰词the problem与分词discussed为逻辑上的被动关系,discuss动作已经完成。
分词作定语
不及物动词的分词形式作定语:
现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示一个动作已完成,不表示被动
falling leaves 正在下落的叶子
fallen leaves 落叶
分词作定语的位置:
单个分词作定语时通常前置(也有后置的情况);分词短语作定语时通常后置,可转化为定语从句。作前置定语的现在分词多数已经形容词化。
1. Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially __________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
2. When we got a call ______(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
designed
saying
分词作定语
The stadium __________(build) last year is the biggest one in our city.
The stadium __________(build) now will be the biggest one in our city.
The stadium __________(build) next year will be the biggest one in our city.
built
being built
to be built
过去分词(done)作定语 表示被动,动作已完成
现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语 表示被动,动作正在发生
动词不定式的被动式(to be done)作定语 表示被动,动作将要发生
分词作状语
分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况。作结果状语时,可以变为非限制性定语从句或并列分句;作方式状语和伴随状语时,可以变为并列分句;作其他状语时,可以变为相应的状语从句。一般情况下, 作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
分词 例句 解读
现在分词 Seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. 分词seeing与主语we为逻辑上的主动关系。
过去分词 Seen from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 分词seen与主语the factory为逻辑上的被动关系。
分词作状语
有时分词可以与连词连用,可看作状语从句的省略。常见的连词有while、when、once、if、though、although、even if、eve