Unit4 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing（教师用书word）-2022-2023学年新教材高中英语必修第三册【精讲精练】人教版

Section Ⅲ　Grammar & Writing 不定式作定语和状语 一、基本概念 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。 二、语法规则 (一)动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。 Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些吃的东西。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。 2．名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。 3．抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。 But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。 4．不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系等。 (1)主谓关系 The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来会十分美好的。 He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 (2)动宾关系 On Sundays，he always has a lot of letters to write. 星期天，他总是有许多信要写。 He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可交朋友的人。 [名师点津] (1)由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 Brown has something important to deal with at present. 目前布朗有重要的事情要处理。 (2)如果动词不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上会省略。 He has no place to live because his house has been burnt to the ground.他没有地方住，因为他的房子已经被彻底焚毁了。 (3)同位关系 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母写信。 We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。 (4)修饰关系 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课时间了。 I need somewhere to take a nap. 我需要一个地方打个盹。 Is that the way to open the can? 那就是打开罐头的方法吗？ [对点集训1] 单句语法填空 ① The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. ②Do you have anything to do (do) tonight? ③The best way to improve (improve) your English is to join an English club. ④China has become the first country to land (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. ⑤This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a n