内容正文:
中考英语语法讲练 —— 定语从句
一、定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子叫定语。
二、定语从句:修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。代替先行词的词叫关系代词或关系副词。
三、定语从句的构成:
先行词+ 定语从句。在定语从句中,结构是:关系代词/关系副词 + 其它。如:
She is a woman(who has a dog).
括号中who has a dog是定语从句,woman是先行词。
四、关系代词包括:
1. that代替人或物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如:
The skirt that is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.
这件由丝绸制成的衬衣非常贵,我买不起它。
This is the novel that is written by Gao Jingming.
这是那本由高敬明写的小说。
2. who代替人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如:
I don’t know the teacher who is talking with Miss Wang.
我不知道那个正在和王老师说话的老师。
3. which代替物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如:
Do you still remember the movie which we saw last weekend?
你还记得上周我们看的那个电影吗?
4. whom代替人,在定语从句中做宾语。如:
The boy whom I often play with in the park is her brother.
那个我经常在公园里和他玩耍的男孩儿是她哥哥。
5. Whose代替人的或物的。如:
This is the girl whose mother is working over there.
这是那个她妈妈正在那边工作的女孩儿。
The house whose floor is too dirty is his.
地板太脏的那所房子是他的。
五、关系副词包括:
1. where代替在什么什么地方。在定语从句中作状语。如:
Disney is an amusement park where you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.
迪士尼是一个乐园,在那儿你能发现所有的平常的吸引人的迪士尼电影和角色。
2. when代替时间,在定语从句中做状语。如:
I can’t forget the time when the earthquake happened in Yushu.
我不能忘记玉树发生地震的时候。
3. why代替原因reason,在定语从句中做状语。如:
This is the reason why we are talking about it now.
认识现在我们为什么正在谈论它的原因。
六、关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的成分:
1. 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或主语。如:
Friends are those who make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
(who make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed在此句中是定语从句,who作主语)
The book that/ which he bought yesterday is very interesting.
(that/ which he bought yesterday is very interesting在此句中是定语从句,that/ which作宾语)
2. 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略。如:
Can you lend me the book (that/ which) you talked about the other day?
(you talked about the other day在此句中是定语从句,that/ which在定语从句中做宾语,可以省略。)
3. 关系副词在定语从句中作状语。如:
---What do you usually do in your leisure time?
--- I enjoy reading in the library where I lose myself in a world of good books.
(where I lose myself