非谓语动词讲义 2023届高考英语二轮复习

非谓语动词 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。 1、 不定式的定义及用法 (to do) 1. 做主语 动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用结构为： It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb) + to do sth.; It + takes/took + sb. + some time + to do sth 1) It took us four hours to finish the work. 2) It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops. 3) It is bad for us to become addicted to cigerattes. 注意：形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词，如kind, nice, clever等时，应当使用of sb.的结构。 It is very nice of you to help me with the project. 2. 做宾语 (1) 有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语 need to do sth 需要做... decide to do sth 决定做... agree to do sth 赞同做... aim to do sth 目的在于做... attempt to do sth 试图做.. tend to do sth 倾向于做... pretend to do sth 假装做... refuse to do sth 拒绝做... expect to do sth 期待做... 还有determine, fail, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, seem, hope, wish等等； I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term. I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated. When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it. (2) 有些复合结构中，可用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——不定式后置 句型结构为：主语 + make, find, feel, believe, consider, think + it +adj/n. + to do sth. I believe it useless to agree with him. I feel it my duty to help others. I consider it important to keep learning. I think it interesting to surf the Internet. (3) “疑问词（how，when，where，what，who）+不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语 Tom taught me how to play football. Have you decided where to have the meeting？ I do not know what to do next. I do not know whom to ask about it. Will you please tell me which bus to take？ I doubt whether to buy a new watch. “疑问词+不定式”结构常用作下列动词的宾语：advise，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder，doubt 3. 做宾语补足语 (1) 动词 + 宾语 + 带to的动词不定式 有这种用法的动词有： advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn等。 She asked me to stay there. He wants thes