内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Grammar
情态动词
一、情态动词的特征
1.情态动词有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。
2.情态动词一般无人称和数的变化,个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。
3.构成否定句时,not放在情态动词后面。
4.情态动词后接动词原形。
[语境感悟]
She can speak English though she is six.
尽管她才6岁,她会说英语。
They must be in the classroom.
他们一定在教室里。
The young man can't carry the big stone.
这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。
You will do as I told you.
你得照我说的去做。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1.can/can't
情态动词
基本用法
can
“能,会”,表示一种能力
“可能”,表示客观上的一种可能性,“有时可能会……”
“可以”,表示请求许可
can't
“不能”,表示禁止
“不可能”,表示否定的可能性
(1)can表示“客观上的某种可能性”时,往往用于否定句和疑问句,若表示“肯定的推测”则用must。
(2)can与be able to的区别
can表示一种能力,表示主语本身具有的某种能力,只有现在时和过去时两种形式;be able to表示经过努力后能做某事,有多种时态。
[语境感悟]
She can drive, but she can't ride a bicycle.
她会开车,但她不会骑自行车。(能力)
-Can I use your telephone?
——我可以用一下你的电话吗?
-Yes, of course you can.
——当然可以。(许可)
Jogging can be harmful to health.
慢跑有时候可能会对健康有害。(一种可能性)
The door is locked. She can't be at home.
门是锁着的。她不可能在家。(表示推测)
You can't smoke in the office.
在办公室内你不能抽烟。(表示禁止)
[即学活用1]
选词填空
①Mary can (can; can't) speak three languages and she is studying the fourth language.
②This can't (can; can't) be done by him, for he was not here.
③He was able to (could; was able to)go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2.have to/not have to
情态动词
基本用法
have to
“必须,不得不”,表示客观上的需要
not have to
“没有必要”,相当于needn't
[语境感悟]
It is late.I have to go home now.
天很晚了。我现在必须回家。
—Do I have to go there now?
——我现在就得去那儿吗?
—No,you don't have to./No,you needn't.
——不,你不必。
[即学活用2]
翻译句子
①彼得很累了,他必须休息一下。
Peter was very tired and he had to have a rest.
②你没有必要现在就去学校。
You don't have to/needn't go to school now.
同义句转换
③You needn't come tomorrow,for we will have a day off.
→You don't have to come tomorrow,for we will have a day off.
3.ought to/ought not to
情态动词
基本用法
ought to
“应当、应该”,表示给别人的一种建议或义务、责任
ought not to
“不应当、不应该”,表示建议别人不要做某事
ought to的否定形式是在ought后加not;一般疑问句是将ought直接提前;反意疑问句有两种形式,“shouldn't+主语”或“oughtn't+主语”;ought to have done表示“过去应该做却没有做”的一种虚拟语气。
[语境感悟]
You ought to finish your work before you go home.
你应该在回家之前完成你的