定语从句讲义与练习-2023届高三英语二轮复习

定语从句 一、什么是定语从句 定语：修饰名词的词，把名词“定住”，给名词限定了范围 从句：引导词 + 陈述语序 定语从句=“引导词+陈述语序”作定语（定语从句：用从句代替定语） ↓ 从句 I don’t like lazy people. ↓ 定语 I don’t like people who are lazy. ↓ ↓ 先行词 关系词（定语从句引导词） 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词 关系词：定语从句的引导词，在从句中充当先行词的“替身” 二、定语从句之关系词 1. 关系词 （1）关系代词：从句中缺成分时使用 who，whom，which, that, whose, as （2）关系副词：从句中不缺成分时使用 when, where, why ＊注意：定语从句引导词没有what和how 2. 关系代词 （1）whose “ta的/ta们的（她、他、它）” 在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. ＊注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? （2） as 正如 ＊ as 的“先行词”一般是整个主句 as 从句常用被动 as 引导的定语从句可置于主句之前，也可以放在主句后面 As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 【注意】有时定语从句中包含一些含as的短语和句型，比如 the same...as, such...as等，引导词用as He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment as we could never neglect. （3）which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. The factory which makes computers is far away from here. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. （4）who 指人，在定语从句中既可作主语，又可作宾语。做宾语时常可省略。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics. There is nobody who he can turn to for help. The man who you met just now is my old friend. （5）whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about