内容正文:
主谓一致的基本原则
Content /
目录
一、语法一致原则
二、意义一致原则
三、就近一致原则
一、语法一致原则
语法一致指主语为单数形式时,谓语动词也用单数形数形式;主语为复数形式时,则谓语动词也用复数形式。这是主谓一致的三原则中最基本的原则。
例如:
Each answer is worth 20 points. 每题为20分。
These toys are designed for children under three years old.
这些玩具是专门为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
Point 1
当主语后有由as well as, rather than, like, but, except, besides, with , along with,together with, including, in addition to等引起的短语时,谓语动词与主语保持一致,不受主语后面短语的影响。如果主语为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。
例如:
●Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss.
损失的责任应由享利来承担而不是由简和约翰承担。
●No one but your parents was there then.
那时,除了你的父母没有别人在那里。
●The man,together with his wife and children, is visiting the Great Wall.
那个人正和他的妻子和孩子们]游览长城。
●The teacher, including his students, has already read the book.
那名老师和他的学生们已经读过这本书了。
Point 2
由“a kind of/this kind of/ many kinds of+名词"和“名词+ of this kind", 以及与kind意义相似的type, sort, form 等构成的类似的短语作主语时,谓语动词与of后或of前名词的数保持一致。
例如:
●This kind of apple is expensive.
这种苹果很贵。
二、意义一致原则
意义一致指谓语动词的形式取决于主语所表达的内在含义。有时主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词要用复数形式;有时主语形式上是复数,但表达单数意义、谓语动词则采用单数形式。此原则常用于以下几种情况:
Point 1
如果 and连接的两个词指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
●The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
那位教授兼作家正在会上发言。
●The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.
那位歌舞演员将会参加我们的晚会。
Point 2
表示时间、 距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语时,通常当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
●Four hours is enough to do the experiment.
做这项实验四个小时足够了。
●Ten miles isn't a long distance.
10英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Point 3
集体名词作主语
常见的集体名词有: class,team,family,group , audience , army , company , nation , world ,government等。在某一语境中,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调单个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:
●The class is made up of twenty boys and fee grs.
这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。
●The whole class were told to stay behind after school.
全班的学生被告知放学后留下。
[注意]
有些集体名词,如equipment, furniture,baggage, machinery, clothing, jewelry 等在句中作主语时,谓语动词总是用单数。
例如:
●The furniture was easy to transport.
这些家具易于运输。
Point 4
有些名词单复数同形,如means , works , deer , fish , sheep, species, series , crossroads , Chines