从命题的角度来解决高考阅读理解的细节题讲义 2023届高考英语复习

从命题的角度来解决高考阅读理解的细节题 李小莉 1、 教学目标 1. 了解高考阅读理解细节题的命题思路 2. 了解命题过程中设置的正确选项和错误选项的特点 3. 能初步学会对文章的选项进行对错分析 2、 教学复习 上节课我们讲到了高考阅读理解的題型，主要可分为以下四种随型：主旨大意题、词语理解题、事实细节题、推理判断題，并对这四种题型的提问方式有了一定的了解。请根据以下提问方式说出四种题型。 （ ）The best title for this passage would be______ （ ）The passage is mainly about_______ （ ）It can be inferred from the passage that _____ . （ ）The passage implies/ suggests that _____ . （ ）What can we learn from the passage? （ ）The phrase "…" in the passage most probably means _____ . （ ）The word “...” in Para. Xx is closest in meaning to _____ . （ ）Which of the following is an emergency? 事实细节题在阅读理解考试中占的比重较大，其试题的提问方式也没有固定的模式。 3、 教学内容 1. 细节题命题方向的侧重 注意两个侧重 (1)侧重语篇标志词。 语篇标志词也叫逻辑词。语篇标志词表明了文章的句子和句子及段落和段落的逻辑关系，把握标志词能在我们的阅读过程中有所侧重。英语中的语篇标志词主要有：①举例 (for example)：②比较( );③转折( )；④因果( );⑤条件( );⑥目的( 不定式to do/介词for )等。 (2)侧重长句、难句。 英语的表达中，长句较多，特别是理论性很强的文章更是如此。长句是英语的一个特点，英语作者通过较长的句子来表达复杂的思想内容。实际上，很多阅读理解题就是针对长句、难句而设置的。所以，在做阅读理解题时，应该充分重视长句、难句，尤其是应该重视这些句子所含的信息。 2. 命题中正确选项和错误选项的特点 · 正确选项特点：同义替换 (1)关键词替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词, 变成正确选项。 1　 UK → England 2　 The bottleneck is the supply of teachers. →They lack of teachers. 3　 The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship Bismarck, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to war-torn England. The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean ______. A. to sink the Hood B. to gain control of France C. to cut off American supplies to Britain D. to stop British warships reaching Germany (2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性, 或者改变原文句子的语态, 给考生制造障碍。 1　 supply ↔supplying; 2　 won ↔ was beaten 3　 But in the fight, the Bismarck was slightly damaged . Her commander Luetjens decided to run for repairs to France, which had at that time been taken by the Germans. The British force followed her. However, because of the Bismarck’s speed and the heavy fog, they lo