04 词句猜测题---2023年高考英语二轮复习专项突破（全国通用）

第四 词句猜测题 专家说考情 高考新考法 学霸好声音 　　高考全国卷每套卷一般会有1－2 道题考查词句猜测。常考词义猜测题和代词指代题，句意猜测题考查频率较低。 1.2022年全国甲卷和2022年全国乙卷分别考查一道词义猜测题； 2.2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ考查一道词义猜测题，2022年新高考全国卷Ⅱ考查一道句意猜测题和代词指代题； 3.2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ考查一道词义猜测题； 4.对特别的句子在具体语境中特殊含义的考查是新的考查倾向。 1.关注原文语境，切勿从字面意思上猜测词句含义，应理解上下文语境，根据原文信息正确推理； 2.关注逻辑关系，原文信息句与画线词句之间存在的逻辑关系是猜测词句的关键； 3.关注上文，代词指代往往有上指功能，通过在上文中检索，往往能够判断指代对象。 命题探究——研试题明考向 [明命题方式] 1．What could the phrase “...” in the sentence be replaced by? 2．What does the word “...” in the first/second/...paragraph refer to? 3．What does the underlined word in the first/second/...paragraph mean? 4．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？ 5．The underlined word “...” most nearly means “________”． 6．What does the underlined sentence in the second paragraph imply? [晓解题捷径] 考生除了必须熟练掌握大纲中规定的词汇外，也要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的做题技法。常见的技法有： 1．根据上下文语境猜测词义； 2．根据上下文逻辑猜测词义； 3．根据“就近原则”找指代； 4．根据构词法猜测词义； 5．根据语法关系猜测词义； 6．根据“意义吻合”猜测句意。 [辨选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 (1)含义和其字面意思没有任何的关系； (2)上下文逻辑通顺； (3)与原句意思最接近； (4)代入原文，最为得体。 2．干扰选项特征 (1)与所考词汇形似； (2)如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项； (3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。 名师指要——微技法巧图解 高考热考法1　词义猜测题——巧用线索猜词义 技法1　利用逻辑关系猜测词义 [经典感悟] 【例1】 (2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).(paragraph 1) 29．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A．Acquire.　　　　　　 B．Export. C．Destroy. D．Distribute. 解析：利用逻辑关系猜测词义。根据画线词所在句中的Unfortunately可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折关系。上文讲到探险者抵达北美洲时，这