音素与音标、词性 和句子结构分类课件 2022-2023学年初高中衔接英语课程

初高中衔接 1 2 3 Contents 音素与音标 词性 句子结构分类 音素与音标 音素是语音的最小单位,英语有48个音素。 什么是音素? 记录音素的符号叫音标,音标就是每一个词 或字母的语音形成。 什么是音标? 元音字母 A E I O U 元音字母 辅音字母 元音音素 辅音音素 音素 元音 辅音 20 28 48个英语国际音标 元音20个 长元音5个 短元音7个 双元音8个 辅音28个 清辅音11个 浊辅音17个 [a:] [ɔ:] [ə:] [i:] [u:] [ʌ] [ɔ] [ə] [i] [u] [e] [æ] [ei] [ɔi] [ai] [iə] [eə] [uə] [əu] [au] [p] [f] [t] [k] [s] [θ] [ʃ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [h] [b] [v] [d] [g] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] [m] [n] [ŋ] [l] [r] [j] [w] 音 节 音节根据数量可以分为单音节和多音节,而音节的数量一般由元音音标的数量决定的。 有个别的英语辅音,如[m]、[n]、[l]可以独立与其他辅音组成无元音音节,比如people ['p i:pl ]、season ['si:zn]和cotton ['k ɔtn]这几个词都是双音节词。 重音符号 音 节 disadvantage [,dɪsəd'væntɪdʒ] 有个别的英语辅音,如[m]、[n]、[l]可以独立与其他辅音组成无元音音节,比如people ['p i:pl ]、season ['si:zn]和cotton ['k ɔtn]这几个词都是双音节词。 重音符号 常见词性 n.(cn./un.) adj. adv. v. (vt./vi.) … 句 子 结 构 分 类 简单句 simple sentences 含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子 并列句 compound sentences 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词and/but等或用分号连接 复合句 complex sentences 包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子,且从句用从属连词引导 1.主语+系动词+表语( S+Link.V+P ),说 明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。 You are students. We are in the classroom. We are good friends, aren’t we? 其它系动词 状态:seem, appear… 感官:smell, feel, taste, sound, look… 变化:get, go, become…become, get, turn, me, grow - 持续:remain, stay, keep, continue… 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 2.主语+不及物动词 ( S + Vi. ) Our school lies in the north of Xinxiang. You will graduate from it next year. 注:不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The car accident was happened yesterday. 2.主语+不及物动词 ( S + Vi. ) 3.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O) I like my job very much. What do you want to be in the future ? Each of you has a dream . A great deal of water is used by people in that city. People use a great deal of water in that city. (主动语态) (被动语态) 3.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O) 4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+Oi+Od) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me. Who can find me the eraser? Pass me the eraser. bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save… 常跟双宾语的动词: 4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+Oi+Od) We saw him jump into the box.