UNIT 10 Section Ⅲ GRAMMAR（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　GRAMMAR 过去时中的被动语态 [对应学生用书P29] [观察] 1．In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically ... 2．Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. 3．...the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. 4．Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. [归纳] 句1与句3为一般过去时的被动语态；句2为过去完成时的被动语态；句4为过去进行时的被动语态。它们的共同特点是主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系，并表示过去发生的动作。 [对应学生用书P30] 1．被动语态的定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，表示主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做)。主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别，而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态。 主动语态：The girl takes care of her little brother. 女孩照顾她的小弟弟。 被动语态：The girl's little brother is taken care of by her. 女孩的小弟弟被她照顾着。 2．被动语态的构成：由“助动词be＋动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。 This window was broken yesterday. 这扇窗子是昨天被打破的。 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 参观者被要求不要触摸展品。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①The classroom is cleaned(clean) by us everyday. ②Trees are planted(plant) in spring every year. ③They are employed(employ) by our company now. 二、过去时中的被动语态 1．一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词。 The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。 He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。 2．过去进行时的被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态结构：was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词。 He told me that a new station was being built. 他告诉我说正在修建一个新车站。 They told me that the case was being investigated. 他们告诉我案件正在调查。 3．过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态结构：had been＋及物动词的过去分词。 By the end of last month, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 到上个月底，另一座新的体育馆在北京建成了。 The new railway had been built by the end of last year. 这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。 在判断句子的语态时，要明确主语是否是谓语动词动作的承受者，再按具体时间和语境明确句子的时态，以便确定具体的谓语动词形式。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①I was given(give) ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. ②Breakfast is provided(provide) in our hotel from 7 o'clock to 9 o'clock. ③The books were being carried(carry) to another room then. ④His newly writt