UNIT 11 Section Ⅲ GRAMMAR（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　GRAMMAR 情态动词 [对应学生用书P75] [观察] 1．They couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears. 2．We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property，a council member said. 3．“Life will go back to normal now，” they said. 4．Ma Ming，a drummer for the rock band “Storm”，had to pack his bags. [归纳] 以上句中均含有情态动词，其中句1中意为“能，会”；句2中意为“应该”；句3中意为“将要”；句4中意为“不得不”。 [对应学生用书P76] 情态动词是一种本身有一定的意义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形一起构成谓语，表达可能性、能力、许可和责任等。常见的情态动词有：can，could, may，might, must, need, ought to, dare, shall，should, will，would。 一、 can与could的用法 1．表示能力，意为“能，会”。 The smallest good habits can make a big difference. 最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。 It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。 2．表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强。 This can't/couldn't be done by him. 这件事不可能是他做的。 3．表示请求或许可。在疑问句中可以用could代替can，语气更委婉。 Could I use your phone, please? 我可以用一下你的电话吗？ 4．表示理论上的可能性。 Always believe that good things are possible，and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries. 要始终相信美好事物是可能的，也要记住错误也会变成经验教训，从而获得更多发现。 [即学即练]　根据句意填入适当的情态动词 ①That can't be Mary, for she is in hospital. ②Could/Can you please do me a favor? ③Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. ④—Can this book be yours? —No, it can't be mine. It must be his. 二、may与might的用法 1．表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。 May I ask if you are fond of traveling by ship? 我可以问一下你是否喜欢乘船旅行吗？ Might I borrow your computer? 我可以借一下你的电脑吗？ 2．表示可能性，可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。 Parents may scold their children when their rooms are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. 当孩子们的房间不整洁时，父母也许会责骂孩子。但他们也应该理解孩子们的房间是他们的私人空间。 If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house. 你如果离开时忘记关掉它，可能会把整个房子都烧毁。 3．表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！” May you succeed! 祝你成功！ [即学即练]　根据句意填入适当的情态动词 ①You may feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it