UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习过去分词 [对应学生用书P41] [观察] 1．Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe，it's often informally referred to as “down under”． 2．...I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture，food，and way of life. 3．Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground，among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo. 4．A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe. 5．I tried to learn how to play it，but after trying for hours，I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! 6．Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture，minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture，with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. [归纳] 以上句子中，句1中为过去分词作状语，通常位于句首；句2和句5中为过去分词作表语；句4中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常位于被修饰名词的前面；句3中为过去分词短语作定语，常常位于被修饰名词的后面；句6 中为过去分词短语作宾语补足语。 [对应学生用书P41] 过去分词(past participle，also PP) 是非谓语动词中分词的一种，规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加­ed构成，也有一些不规则变化，过去分词在句中常常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语还有状语。 过去分词作定语时往往与被修饰词靠得很近，渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective)，实际上其作用相当于一个形容词，除了表示“完成”的动作之外，还表示“被动”的意义。 1．前置定语 单个的v.­ed形式，一般放在被修饰名词的前面，作前置定语。 Lost time(＝Time which is lost) can never be found again. 逝去的时光无法再找回。 2．后置定语 (1)修饰不定代词的过去分词应放其后；少数单个的v.­ed形式，如left等，只能作后置定语。 Everything used should be marked． 每一个用过的东西都应该被标记。 (2)v.­ed作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句。 Is there anything planned(＝that has been planned) for tonight? 今晚有什么计划好的事情吗？ ①不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”的意义。如： falling leaves正在飘落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) the exploded bomb已爆炸的炸弹 a retired miner一位已退休的矿工 ②learn和light都有两种形式的过去分词，但作定语时，只能用拼写较长的过去分词。如： a learned lawyer一位博学的律师 a lighted lamp一盏点亮的灯 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held(hold) in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)It's jaw­dropping h