内容正文:
语法专题十二 主从复合句
命题点1 宾语从句
分析近5年菏泽中考真题可知,宾语从句的考查主要体现在单项填空中。考生在解答此类试题时,首先应知道宾语从句的引导词及其用法。其次,根据语境来选择正确的引导词。询问内容用what;询问时间用when;询问地点用where;询问原因用why;询问方式用how等。
1.语序
宾语从句必须使用陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他部分”。
Do you know where Tom lives?你知道汤姆住哪儿吗?
2.引导词
引导词
用法
that
在从句中无意义,不充当句子成分,在口语中常可省略
连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等)
在从句中作一定的成分,如作主语、宾语、定语等
连接副词(when/where/why/how等)
在从句中作状语
if/whether
意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不能省略。句尾有or not时,只能用whether
I believe (that) you will succeed.我相信你会成功。
Jessie hasn't decided ________ she will leave for Paris.杰西还没有决定什么时候出发去巴黎。
Lisa wonders ________ she should do next.丽莎想知道她接下来应该做什么。
I don't know ________ my sister will come to the party.我不知道我姐姐是否会来参加聚会。
Do you know ________ coat it is?你知道这是谁的外套吗?
when; what; if/whether; whose
3.时态
(1)主句:一般现在时
从句:根据实际情况使用相应的时态
I hear Joe left/will leave for Beijing yesterday/tomorrow.我听说乔昨天去了北京/明天要去北京。
(2)主句:一般过去时
从句:使用过去的某种时态
Kate said she ________ going shopping at this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天这个时候在购物。
(3)从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。
Miss Hu said that the earth ________ around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
was; goes
4.疑问词+不定式
“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑问代词what,which 和疑问副词how, when, where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。
I really don't know what to write.我真的不知道写什么。
1.(2022·山东菏泽中考)—Can you tell me ______, Jill?
—It is a book about paper cutting.
A.how to borrow a book
B.what you are reading
C.where to copy a book
2.(2021·山东菏泽中考)—Could you please show me ______?
—Sure. First of all you'd better make sure you've got everything you need.
A.how can I make a Chinese lantern
B.how I can make a Chinese lantern
C.how could I make a Chinese lantern
3.(2020·山东菏泽中考)—Excuse me, Mr. Wang. Do you know ______?
—Yes. It's on May 20th.
A.when is the school trip
B.how we can go there
C.when the school trip is
4.(2019·山东菏泽中考)—Could you please tell me ______?
—Sure. Just go along this street and you'll find it on your left.
A.where is the bookstore
B.where the bookstore is
C.how can I get to the bookstore
5.(2022·吉林中考)—Kate, do you kno