新概念英语第二册语法——“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句语法学习的重点和难点。这是一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词定语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如： The man whom\who\that\\ you should write to is Mr. White. (whom 作to 的宾语，to在谓语动词之后) =The man to whom you should write is Mr. Write. (介词to置于whom前，whom 作宾语) 你该给他写信的那个人是怀特先生 一、当先行词指人时，用“介词+whom”句型 注意：此时不用who或that。 (1)The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Mr. Ball. （whom不能省略，也不用who 或that） (2)The girl with whom my sister visited the Great Wall has just come back from London. 二、先行词指物时，用“介词+which”句型 注意：先行词指物时，不能用关系代词that直接跟在介词后作宾语。例如： 1.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike. （which不能改为that） 2.The house to which he took us was very old. （which不能改为that） 三、介词的选择和运用是重中之重 1.根据介词与先行词的搭配习惯确定介词。先行词不同，与之习惯搭配的介词也不同。例如： (1)Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time? (2)Do you still remember the days during which we worked together? 2.根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。动词不同，要求与之搭配的介词不同，动词与不同介词的搭配所表达的意义也大相径庭。例如： (1)He lost the book in which he kept many telephone numbers. (2)I don’t know the person to whom you talked just now. 3.根据“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中的作用与含义而确定介词。例如： (1)The plane by which my father went to Shanghai was late. (2)The plane on which my father worked was very large. (此处on which=on the plane表地点) 注意下面几点特殊情况： 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in\by which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our cla