2023届高考英语语法难点讲义：状语从句考点精析

2023届高考英语语法难点讲义:状语从句考点精析 ·状语从句Adverbial Clause ✦ 状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。如果一个从句作状语,功能相当于副词并修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,那么该从句就是状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Time 1.引导时间状语从句的常用连词有: after, as , before, once, since, till, (not) until, as soon as, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, no sooner... than..., hardly/scarcely/barely... when...等; 副词:immediately, directly, instantly等; 名词短语:the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time等; 介词短语:by the time等。 例: Tom had scarcely/hardly seen me when/before he left the room. 汤姆一看到我,就离开了房间。 By the time you came back, i had finished this book. 到你回来时,我已经完成这本书了。 2.在no sooner... than和 scarcely/hardly/barely... when(刚...就)结构中,若把no sooner, scarcely, hardly, barely放在句首,需用倒装结构。 例: No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家,就下雨了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in. 我刚坐下,他就进来了。 3. 由 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在从句位于句首时,只能用 until,强调句型中多用 until,为“It is not until... that...”。如果主句的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但在肯定句中,表示“直到……为止”,在否定句中表示“直到......才”。 例: I didn't go to bed until/till my father came back. 直到我父亲回来,我才上床睡觉。 Please wait until i finished the book. 请等到我看完这本书为止。 二、地点状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Place 1. 地点状语从句可由下列引导词引导:where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。 例: Put in articles where it is necessary in the following passages. 在以下篇章中的必要之处插入文章。 Wherever he went, he was warmly welcome. 无论他走到哪里,都受到热烈欢迎。 2. 有时,where 引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句的前面。 例: Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 三、条件状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Condition 1. 条件状语从句的引导词有:if, unless(除非), only if(只要), if only(但愿.....就好了), as/so long as(只要), provided/providing that(假如), suppose/supposing that(假如), on condition that(条件是......), in the event that(倘若), in case that(万一)等。 例: If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country. 如果明天天气好,我们应该去乡村玩。 I'll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care. 只要你小心使用,我就借你。 2. 条件句有两种:一种是真实条件句,表示现实的或可能会变为现实的条件,用陈述语气;另一种是非真实条件句,表示非现实的或不太可能会变为现实的条件,常用虚拟语气。 例