内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲
专题一 动词
山西英语
英语
1
知识必备
2
类别 分类 结构/用法 例句
实义动词 及物动词 主语+谓语动词+宾语 My brother always encourages me.
不及物动词 主语+不及物动词(+介词+宾语) I argued with my brother yesterday.
既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词 以上两种皆可。 I believe the little boy. 我相信这个小男孩所说的话。(及物)
I believe in the little boy. 我信任这个小男孩。(不及物)
3
类别 分类 结构/用法 例句
系动词(含感官动词) 表状态be 主语+系动词+表语 She is beautiful.
She is a teacher.
表持续keep, remain, stay We should exercise to keep healthy.
He remained silent at the meeting.
续表
4
类别 分类 结构/用法 例句
系动词(含感官动词) 表变化become, get,turn, fall, go, grow等 主语+系动词+表语 Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
表感官feel, look,smell, sound, taste The dish tastes delicious.
The music sounds great.
续表
5
类别 分类 结构/用法 例句
助动词 be(am,is,are,was,were),have(has, had),do(does, did),will(would) 与其他动词连用,以构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。 I am watching TV now.
She hasn’t been to Xi’an yet.
He doesn’t do his homework at night.
My father will go to Beijing next Sunday.
续表
6
类别 分类 结构/用法 例句
情态动词 can, could, may,might,will, would,must, should等 和实义动词一起构成谓语,基本无人称和数的变化。 I must leave now.
She can play the piano.
续表
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拓展:实义动词还可以根据词汇意义分为:①延续性动词;②非延续性动词。
分类 定义 例词 例句
延续性动词 表示可以持续的动作或状态,可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 live, stay, study,work, keep, teach I have studied in this school for three years. 我已经在这所学校学习三年了。
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分类 定义 例词 例句
非延续性动词 表示在短时间内可以完成的动作,不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 buy, lend, borrow,die, begin, stop,arrive She bought a nice watch. 她买了一块漂亮的手表。
续表
9
若句中含有表示一段时间的时间状语,谓语动词应用延续性动词;如果动词是非延续性动词,要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。常见转化
非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组) 非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
arrive in/at/reach/get to be in begin/start be on
borrow/lend keep buy have
catch a cold have a cold come back be back
见下表:
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非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组) 非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
die be dead fall/become asleep/ill be asleep/ill
join be in/be a member of leave be away from
marry be married open be open
如:I’ve left this school for eight years.( )
I’ve been away from this school for eight years.( )
×
√
续表
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情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能单独使用,<zzd>必须与动词原形一起构成谓语</zzd>。其否定式