2023届高考英语语法专项讲义：定语从句难点精讲

2023届高考英语语法专项讲义:定语从句难点精讲 简明概述:定语从句在句中充当定语的角色,修饰句中前面所提到的名/代词。被修饰的名/代词称为先行词。 关系代词 (who, whom, whose, which, that): 注:没有what 关系代词所代替的主要是人或物的名/代词,在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 who, whom, that 都可代替人 例句: Is the boy who/that cheated in the examination? (who/that作为从句主语,代替the boy) He is the man whom/that we won’t recruit due to his criminal records. (who/that作为从句宾语,代替the man) whose 可指代人或物 注:如果whose指物的话,也可以用of which来代替。 例句: Our conversation was stopped by a man whose hair is blonde. I lent him this book whose pages curled up due to my constant use. =I lent him this book the pages of which curled up due to my constant use. which, that 代替事物 例句: We’ll never forget the atrocious violence which/that was committed by Japanese soldiers. Is that fashion show (which/that) you were talking about just now?(作宾语时可省) 关系副词 (when, where, why): 关系副词分别代替的先行词为时间、地点和原因,在从句中充当状语的角色。 注:when, where, why 也可用“介词 + which”来代替。 例句: This was the moment when/at which the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation. Xi’an is one of the most famous cultural cities where/in which millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour. Is this the reason why/for which there is a severe shortage of funds for our research? 注:that 是可以代替关系副词的,即that可取代“when, where, why”和“介词+which”的形式。(在口语中that可省略) 注:介词后面的关系词不能省略,而且that前不能有介词 例句转换: This was the moment that the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation. Xi’an is one of the most famous cultural cities that millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour. Is this the reason that there is a severe shortage of funds for our research? 限制性/非限制性定语从句 重点概括整理:限制性定语从句先行词是不能省略的,因为省了先行词的话,句子的意思就会变得不完整和不明确,缺少必要的说明解释。而非限制性定语从句是先行词的额外说明,是可以省略的,省了也不会影响句子的意思和整体性,并且与主句之间常用“,”隔开。 比较例句: This is the book (which/that) I bought yesterday. (限制性) This book, I bought yesterday, is very inspiring. (非限制性) 通常是非限制性定语从句的情况分析: Steven Spielberg, (whom) I admire very much in Hollywood movie-making field, won another Oscar Award this year. (专有名词/人名)