2023届上海市高考英语翻译：定语从句和名词性从句课件

定语从句 这是我昨天买的那本书。 This is the book that/ which I bought yesterday. 定从使用前提(一): 带有动词的“的”字结构 我订了一间窗户朝南的房间。 I booked a room whose window faced south. I booked a room in which/ where the window faced south. 1 定语从句 试对比: 这是我昨天买的那本书。 我订了一间窗户朝南的房间。 注意: 当“的”结构为完整句子时,需要注意引导词的使用。一般可以通过还原的方法加以确定。 还原方法: 将“的”字结构后所修饰名词带入完整句子,观察其在句中的成分。 2 定语从句 我买了一本书。这本书给我提供了很大的帮助。 I bought a book, which gave me great help. 定语从句使用前提(二): 相邻句子有名词重复时,可使用定语从句合并翻译。 合并方法: 找出重复名词,用相应引导词替代,进行句子合并。 3 定语从句 他离开了学校。这让我大吃一惊。 He left the school, which surprised me greatly. He left the school, as a result of which I was greatly surprised. 注意: 当重复部分为句子时,必须使用逗号+which的定语从句。 4 定语从句的简化形式 条件: 引导词作从句的主语 方法: 省略引导词,改谓语动词为非谓语动词。 非谓语动词的三种基本形式: -ing:表主动、正在进行 -ed : 被动、已经完成 to : 表将来、目的 5 定语从句的简化形式 I bought a book, which provided great help. I bought a book providing great help. I bought a book, which was written by the best novelist in the world. I bought a book written by the best novelist in the world. I bought a book, which would solve all my problems in English learning. I bought a book to solve all my problems in English learning. I bought a book, which was able to solve all my problems in English learning. I bought a book able to solve all my problems in English learning. 6 名词从句——主语从句 我们什么时候能成功取决于我们自身的努力。 When we can succeed depends on our own efforts. 主语从句使用的前提(一): 句子充当主语 翻译方法: 名词从句可以基本按照语序翻译,但引导词要置于句首。 7 名词从句——主语从句 我们最终取得了成功依靠的是我们自身的努力。 That we finally succeeded depended on our own efforts. 试对比: 我们什么时候能成功取决于我们自身的努力。 我们最终取得了成功依靠的是我们自身的努力。 注意: 当主语从句为陈述句句意时,必须在句首加上引导词that。 8 名词从句——主语从句 他离开了学校。这让我大吃一惊。 That he left the school surprised me greatly. 主语从句使用的前提(二): 前句为后句的主语 翻译方法: 用前句代替后句的主语。 9 名词从句——主语从句 我们什么时候能成功还是一个未知数。 When we can succeed is still unknown/ a mystery. It is still unknown/ a mystery when we can succeed. 形式主语使用的常见形式: It is adj. that/ wh-... It is n. that/ wh... It is -ed that... It appears/ seems that... It happens that... It occurs to/ dawns on sb that... 10 名词从句——主语从句 It is -ed that...的变形: 变动词 It is said/ rep