UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 过去分词与动词­ing形式的用法 [对应学生用书P117] [观察] 1．For both of them，the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting. 2．Before starting out，they spent a couple of days in Vancouver，seeing the sights. 3．The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. 4．Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 5．However，they did not anticipate seeing such an open country，and were truly amazed. [归纳] 1．句3和句5中，加黑词都是形容词化的过去分词，在句中作表语，表示主语的性质或所处的状态。 2．句4中的过去分词短语在句中作状语。作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。 3．句1中的加黑词是动词­ing形式作表语。 4．句2中的加黑词是动词­ing短语作状语。 [对应学生用书P117] 一、动词­ing形式的时态 过去分词没有时态形式的变化，因此只讲动词­ing形式的时态形式。 1．动词­ing的时态形式 一般式： doing; 完成式： having done。 2．动词­ing形式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 Working together with Dr Bethune，we learned a lot from him. 在和白求恩大夫一起工作时，我们从他身上学到了很多东西。(working与learned同时发生) 3．动词­ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。 Having built the road，the mountain villagers can trade their products with people out of mountain. 修好这条路后，山里的人们可以和山外的人们交换他们的产品。(Having built the road发生在can trade之前，表示时间) 4．动词­ing形式的被动语态 一般式： being done； 完成式： having been done。 Being surrounded by nature，admiring it and absorbing its beauty works wonders for everybody. 置身于大自然，欣赏并领悟造物主的美丽令所有人都感到惊奇。 Having been asked to stay，I couldn't very well leave. 人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①Knowing(know) that they were going abroad next week，they began to make preparations. ②Not having studied(study) his lessons very hard，he failed his test. ③He came up to me，saying(say)“Glad to see you again.” ④This is one of the many dams being built (build) along the river. 分词可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。可有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，set，keep，find，have，get等。 We saw them walking across the road. 我们看见他们穿过那条马路。 We must get the television set repaired. 我们必须把电视机修好。 (1)上述句子结构变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。 They were seen walking across the road. 有人看见他们穿过马路。 (2)动词­ing形式和动词原形在作宾语补足语时的意义不同。后者指事情的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发生了这件事；前者指正