2023年中考英语第二讲 被动语态

中考专题第二讲 被动语态 常考考点知识清单(研习考点) 英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。 主动语态的句子中主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态的句子中主语是动词的承受者。 只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词,才能构成被动语态。 考点一 各种时态被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态构成 例句 一般现在时 is/ am/ are + done The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。 一般过去时 was/ were + done The dumplings were made yesterday. 饺子是昨天包的。 现在进行时 is/ am/ are + being + done The room is being cleaned now. 现在房间正在被打扫。 过去完成时 had + been + done The two roads had been built by the end of last month. 到上个月末为止,两条公路被建成了。 一般将来时 shall/ will + be + done A new hospital will be built next year. 明年一个新的医院将被建成。 过去将来时 should/ would + be + done Mike said a new film would be shown. 迈克说一部新电影将上映。 含有情态动词 情态动词+ be + done The work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。 考点二 被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。 2. 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The homework must be handed in on time. 作业必须按时交上来。 3. 说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态。 常用句型: It is said that… 据说…… It is reported that…据报道…… It is hoped that… 希望…… It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is well known that …众所周知… … It is supposed that …据推测说… … ⑴It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……“据说 ⑵It was reported that her mother died of SARS. “有人说,据说’ 考点三 主动语态转化为被动语态的方法 1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2. 把谓语动词变为被动结构(be+过去分词),注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化,但动词的时态保持不变。 3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语,若主语是人称代词,则把主格变为宾语(by 短语可以省略)。 4. 含双宾的句子改为被动时,多以直接宾语(sth)为主语,动词后要加介词to或for。 make / buy加 for, pass / show / give / tell /offer / lend / teach加to。 (主)She buys me a present every year. (直宾作主语)A present is bought for me by her every year. (间宾作主语)I am bought a present by her every year. (主) He passed me a book. (直宾作主语)A book was passed to me by him. (间宾作主语)I was passed a book by him. 考点四 被动语态的几种特殊情况 1. make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略 to 的动词不定式连用,但变为被动语态时,必须还原 to。 I saw him playing basketball on the playground. (主动) He was seen playing basketball on the playground. (被动) I often see the old man run in the morning. 我经常看到这位老人在早上跑步。 The old man is often seen to run in the morning. 这