2023年中考英语语法专题-动词的分类 课件

动词的分类 中考语法专题 He got up late. 你知道动词的分类吗? 情态动词 She can eat fruit by herself. 情态动词 He got up late. The giraffe is so tall. 系动词 He got up late. He likes reading books at night. 实义动词 He got up late. Do the girls dance happily? 练一练 助动词 知识梳理 一 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。 按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 实义动词 一、实义动词按其是否能直接跟宾语分作及物动词和不及物动词。 1.及物动词。 在句中必须跟宾语才能表达完整意思的实义动词(就是及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意义完整),它后必须跟宾语,如: I can hear you. hear单独用不能表达完整的意思为及物动词。 I have a book. have单独用不能表达完成的意思为及物动词。 实义动词 【结构用法】 (1)动词+宾语 I like this book very much. (2)动词+宾语+宾补 We call the bird Polly. I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词做宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see, watch, notice, hear等。 (3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please pass me the salt. 常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return等。 实义动词 2. 不及物动词。 在句中不必跟宾语就能表达完整意思的动词,如: He left yesterday. leave单独用能表达完整的意思,是不及物动词。 【知识拓展】 (1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 We study English. 我们学习英语。(及物动词) We study hard. 我们努力学习(不及物动词) Birds can fly.鸟会飞。(不及物动词) I like flying a kite. 我喜欢放风筝。(及物动词) 实义动词 (2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词,要注意积累。 ①动词+介词 Listen to the teacher carefully. ※此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。 ②动词+副词 He turned off the light when he left. He picked it up and gave it to me. 注意:代词作宾语时必须放在动词后副词前,当宾语是名词时,放在副词的前后均可。 实义动词 动词+副词+介词 Let's go on with our work. He gets along well with his classmates. 注意:其后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。 动词+名词+介词 Please pay attention to the phrases in the article. We can make good use of air. be+形容词+介词 We are good at swimming. She is satisfied with what I did. 实义动词 【拓展】短语动词 常见的短语动词的构成方式有以下几种: 1. 动词十介词 hear of 听说 talk to/with 和……交谈 think of/about 思考 speak to 与……通话 talk about/of 谈论 worry about 担心 look at 看一看 arrive in/at 到达 get to 到达 look like 看起来像 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 listen to 听(某人或某物) ask for 要求 wait for 等候 hear from收到…的来信 实义动词 2. 动词+副词 dress up 打扮 give up 放弃 eat up 吃完 pick up 捡起 turn up 调大(音量等) ring up 打电话 put up 建造 send up 发射 take away 拿走 move away 搬走 send away 派遣 take down 拿下 turn