高中英语语法专项讲义：定语从句

定语从句 一 由关系代词引导的定语从句 1． 定语从句所修饰的先行词如果指的是人，则关系代词应用who（作主语）或whom（作宾语）。在定语从句中作主语的who不能省略，作宾语的whom在限制性定语从句中可以省略。 He who is not for us is against us. He is a man （whom） everybody respects. 2． 定语从句所修饰的先行词如果指的是物，则关系代词应用which。which在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 The train which has just left is for Lanzhou. This is the book （which） I like to read. 关系代词which也可以指动物。 The cat，which is black and white，is sitting beside her mistress. 3． 关系代词that指人、指物都可以，在定语从句中作宾语。 Who is that that spoke first？ Thank you for the help that you have given us. 4． 关系代词whose指人、指物都可以，在定语从句中作定语。 This is Henry，whose sister you met last week. This is a room whose window opens to the south. 5． as作关系代词，引导定语从句时，常与the same连用。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。 We will buy the same instrument as is used in your laboratory. I have the same trouble as you. He is not the same man as he was three years ago. 注意“the same…as”与“the same…that”的区别。前者解作“与…一模一样”，后者解作“与…同一个人（物）”。 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. as作关系代词，引导定语从句时，还常与such连用。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。 He has made such mistakes as cannot be forgiven. Here is such a big stone as no one can lift. 有时在主句中没有the same，such时，定语从句也可以用as引导。 Phosphoric acid is not a poison as is phosphorus. 6． but用作关系代词，引导定语从句时，具有否定的意义，相当于who not，that not。在这种情况下，主句中常有否定词或否定意义的词。 There is no one of us but wishes to go. There are few books but have a misprint or two. 7． than可以用作关系代词，引导定语从句。在这种情况下，主句中必须有比较级的词。 Don’t eat more than is good for you. 有时认为than是连词，后面省略了what或者it，引导比较状语从句。 二 由关系副词引导的定语从句 1． 引导定语从句的关系副词when表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。 I will never forget the day when I first saw you. 关系副词when有时也可以省略。 Please bring that book to me next time （when） you come. 当主句中的主语带有when引导的定语从句，显得太长，主句的谓语太短时，为了保持句子平衡，往往将定语从句放在主句谓语之后。 The day will come when the people all over the world will win liberation. 2． 引导定语从句的关系副词where表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。 I know the place where he lives. 关系副词where有时也可以省略。 This is the place （where） we held the meeting yesterday. 3． 引导定语从句的