高中英语语法专项讲义：强调句与平行结构

强调句 一 用“It is（was）…that”结构的强调句 1． 在“It is（was）…that”的强调句中，如果被强调部分指人，可以用who来代替that。 It was John who wore his best suit to the dance last night. 如果被强调部分是人称代词，在正式文体中用主格，在非正式文体中用宾格。 It is I who told the police. It is me that told the police. 2． 在“It is（was）…that”的强调句中，如果被强调部分指物，在正式文体中要用that，在非正式文体中也可以用which，但是在考试中还是用that为佳。 It was the window that he broke yesterday. It was the window which he broke yesterday. 3． 在“It is（was）…that”的强调句中，被强调部分是时间状语或时间状语从句时，在正式文体中要用that，在非正式文体中也可以用when，但是在考试中还是用that为佳。 It was in 1921 that Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics. It is only when the people have become masters of their country that science can really serve the people. 4． 在“It is（was） not until…that”结构中，that不能用when代替。 It is not until the end of the month that the exhibition will close. 二 用助动词do（did）的强调句 为了加强谓语动词的语气或感情色彩，可以在其前加上助动词do或者did，解作“的确”、“真的”。 I do like you. He did accomplish the task in time. 祈使句中用上do，可以使邀请的口气更加客气、热情。 Do be quiet，please. Do have another potato！ 平行结构 英语中的平行结构是指表达平行概念时要用相同的语法结构，即词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子，前后都要对等。连接平行结构的常用连词为：and，but，as well as，than，both…and，not only…but also，either…or，whether…or。 一 词和短语的平行结构 1． 名词与名词的平行结构： We had fish and pork last night. Good writing can frequently be identified by its clarity，its ability to please a reader，and also its quality of being free from. 2． 几个对等形容词连用时，必须原级与原级、比较级与比较级、最高级与最高级相配。 Jane is a beautiful and elegant woman. Ellen’s husband is richer and more handsome than her sister’s. Please send me the smallest，most recently published，and most expensive dictionary that you have available. 3． 介词短语与介词短语的平行结构： Paris is renowned both as the political center of the nation and as a center of cultural activity. Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test，but also on how you participate in class. A man is either for me or against me. 4． 当几个对等的谓语连用时，其时态必须相同。 Martin ate and ate until he could eat no more. Walter would rather work than play. 5． 当不定式作各种成分时，与其对等的也应该是不定式。 The