高中英语语法专项讲义：动名词

动名词 一 动名词作主语的应用 1． 动名词位于句首作主语 动名词可以位于句首，用作主语，表示一般的概念，强调习惯性的动作。 Talking mends no holes. 动名词可以用来暗示亲身经历过的动作。 —Why were you so late for work today？ —Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic. 2． “It is no use+动名词”与“There is no use+动名词”句型： 作主语的动名词短语如果比较长，为了保持句子平衡，可以将形式主语it放在句首，把动名词短语放在句尾。当句中的表语是no good，no use时，主语常用动名词，不用不定式。 It is no good learning the text by heart without understanding. It is no use crying over spilt milk. “It is no use+动名词”结构相当于“There is no use+（in）动名词”，两者意思相同。 It is no use asking him. =There is no use （in） asking him. 这种结构也可以用在疑问句中。 Is it any use trying to phone him？ =Is there any use （in） trying to phone him？ 3． “There is no+动名词”句型： There is no joking about such matters. 二 动名词作表语的应用 动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，所表示的动作比较一般和抽象，不指某一次动作。 What I hate most is making a great fuss about nothing. 三 动名词作宾语的应用 1． 动词acknowledge，admit，advise，advocate，allow，anticipate，appreciate，avoid，consider，contemplate，defer，delay，deny，detest，dislike，endure，enjoy，escape，excuse，fancy，favor，finish，forbid，forgive，imagine，mind，miss，pardon，postpone，practise，prevent，quit，recollect，resent，resist，risk，stand，stop，suggest，understand后要跟动名词作宾语。 —How do you like your apartment？ —Not very well. We are considering not renewing our lease. be used to，can not help，feel like，give up，insist on，leave off，look forward，object to，put off等短语动词和词组也需要跟动名词作宾语。 2． 动词attempt，begin，can not bear，cease，continue，dread，forget，hate，intend，like，love，mean，omit，prefer，propose，regret，remember，neglect，start，try后可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语。 在上述这些动词中，有些动词（如attempt，begin，can not bear，continue，hate，intend，like，love，prefer，propose，start）后面跟动名词与不定式在意义上差别不大，只是在特定场合下，用不定式更为常见，但是begin和start用于进行时态时，其后面只能跟不定式，不能跟动名词。 Some people hate working in the early morning. Some people hate to work in the early morning. They began studying English three years ago. They began to study English three years ago. They are beginning to study English. 在上述动词中，有些动词（如remember，for