高中英语语法专项讲义：动词不定式

动词不定式 一 动词不定式作主语的应用 1． 动词不定式位于句首作主语 To act like that is children. Not to consider that factor is wrong. 2． 动词不定式位于句尾作主语，形式主语it放在句首 It is easy to make mistakes. 3． “It（形式主语）+takes+某人+时间+不定式（实际主语）”句型 It took me two days to do the work. 4． 当句中的表语是essential，necessary，unnecessary，important，easy，difficult，foolish，unwise，right，wrong，inconvenient时主语要用不定式 To drive a car safely it is essential to have good brakes. To improve our teaching method is very necessary. It is important to be good at learning. 5． “It（形式主语）+is+of+某人+不定式（实际主语）”句型 当某些形容词作表语时，不定式的逻辑主语前的介词使用of，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。能用于这种句型的形容词有：kind，good，nice，right，wrong，wise，unwise，clever，foolish，stupid，silly，careless，naughty，polite，impolite，rude，considerate，inconsiderate。 It is kind of you to think so much of us. It is awfully good of you to come and help us. It is very nice of you to invite us to the party. It was wrong of you to tell a lie. It was wise of you to refuse his invitation. It is foolish of you to say so. It was silly of you to trust him. It was careless of him to leave the gas on. It is naughty of you to pull the dog’s tail. 二 动词不定式作宾语的应用 1． 动词不定式作及物动词的宾语 常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词：afford，agree，arrange，ask，bear，beg，care，choose，consent，dare，decide，desire，determine，expect，fail，guarantee，happen，hesitate，hope，learn，manage，neglect，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，undertake，swear，want，wish。 He decided to go in for medicine so as to be able to help the working people. 2． “疑问词（how，when，where，what，who）+不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语 Tom taught me how to play football. Have you decided where to have the meeting？ I do not know what to do next. I do not know whom to ask about it. Will you please tell me which bus to take？ I doubt whether to buy a new watch. “疑问词+不定式”结构常用作下列动词的宾语：advise，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder，doubt。 “疑问词+不定式”结构也可以用作主语或表语。 When to hold the meeting remains undecided. The question is how to put your plan into practice. 三 动词不定式作表语的应用 1． 动词不定式用在be，