高中英语语法专项讲义：介词

介词 一 “介词+介词短语”结构 表示时间、地点等介词短语有时可以作为另一个介词的宾语，形成“介词+介词短语”结构。 He pick up the book from under the desk． The air was removed from between the two pipes． From after the war until the present time my brother and I have written to each other every month． Choose a book from among these． After a brief thunderstorm，the sun emerged from behind the clouds． The old man looked at me from above his spectacles． The device was removed from out of the room yesterday． The test will be finished in from fifty minutes to two hour’s time． The machine was done by between forty to fifty workers． Jack will not go home until after the concert． Your composition is quite all right except for a few spelling mistakes． Spiders live all over the world except in the Arctic． Mr． Smith is too busy to spare any time except on Sunday． Our general manager seldom goes anywhere except to his office． 二 “with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构 “with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构称“with的复合结构”，其中宾语和宾语补足语逻辑上存在主谓关系，通常起状语作用，表示伴随情况、时间、原因、条件、让步等，有时也可以用作定语。这种结构中的宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、不定式或分词充当。 1． with+名词/代词+名词 He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl． 2． with+名词/代词+形容词 He used to sleep with the window open． 3． with+名词/代词+介词短语 He lost a wallet with a lot of money in it． 4． with+名词/代词+副词 You can tune in to the broadcast with the switch on． 5． with+名词/代词+不定式 With him to give us a lead，our team is bound to turn out well． 6． with+名词/代词+分词 She looked in my face with tears streaming down her face． He was listening to the music with his eyes closed． “with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构用作状语时，可以将with省略，成为分词独立结构，含义不变。 Almost all metals are good conductors，with silver being the best． = Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best． “without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的反义。 An object may be hot without the motion in it being visible． 三 意义相近和容易混淆的几组介词 1． 当“as for”和“as to”相当于“as far as…be concerned”时，解作“至于”、“就…而论”，两者可以通用，常位于句首。 As for news，I have little to tell． “as for”只能解作“至于”、“就…而论”，而“as to”还可以解作“关于”，相当于“about”，可以位于句中，