高中英语语法专项讲义：动词

动词 一 几组动词的辨析 1. say,tell,speak和talk (1)say是指言语表达自己的思想,着重于说话的内容。如果小孩生下不久,牙牙学语,只能用speak,不能用say。 I have come to say good-bye to you. (2)tell解作“告诉”、“吩咐”,其后可接双宾语,也可接复合宾语。 Tell me your telephone number,please. He told us not to worry about him. 另外,tell还用在某些词组里。例如:tell the truth(说真话)、tell a lie(说谎话)、tell a story(讲故事)、tell the time(报时间)、tell fortunes(算命)。 (3)speak是指口中发出话语的声音,着重说的动作,解作“说话”、“演说”,是不及物动词,但也可以作及物动词,后接language,truth。 I will speak to him about the matter. You may trust me that I am speaking the truth. (4)talk的意义与相同,但是没有speak正式,而且常指连续的谈话。 He does talk rubbish. 2. must和have to:均解作“必须”、“不得不”。 (1)must常表示主观上的必要,have to(口语中常用have got to)常表示客观上的必要。 I must study hard in order to serve the people better in the future. I have to go to the office every day. (2)must 没有过去时形式,需要用过去时时,则必须用have to表示;但是在间接引语中,可以使用must。 When I was your age I had to get up at 5 every morning. I told him he must make a decision. have to有过去时、将来时等多种时态。 You have got to go and see the boss. He had to go at once. We will have to help them as much as we can. I have had to stay here. He said he had had to borrow $500 from her. He said he would have to go with her the next day. (3)must和have to的否定式在意思上大有差别。must not解作“决不可以”,do not have to(have not to或have not got to)解作“不必”,相当于need not。 You must not say that. You have not to say that. have to有两种否定形式:do not have to和have not to(或have not got to)其中前者用于 惯常的场合,后者用于特定的场合。 We do not have to work on Saturday. We have not to work today because it is Saturday. have to有时可以与may连用,有时还用进行时态。 We may have to cancel the plan. As a matter of fact,he is having to sell his house. 3. can和be able to:解作“能”、“会”。 (1)用于现在时时,can和be able to可以互换,但是can更为常用。 You can certainly cook,even if you can not do anything else. You are certainly able to cook,even if you can not do anything else. (2)用于将来时时,应当用shall(will) be able to,因为can没有将来时的形式。 I shall not be able to come again today. He will be able to speak Japanese in another few months. 但是,当人们现在决定将来是否能够做某事时,也可以用can。 Can you come to see me next w