第二十二章 直接引语和间接引语 讲义 2023届高考英语语法专题一轮复习

第二十二章 直接引语和间接引语 直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)：在英语中,直接引述别人的原话,一字不改地引用,被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。直接引语须放在引号之内。例如： Mary said,"I am fond of music.”玛丽说她喜欢音乐。 用自己的话转述别人的话对原话可以有所变更,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般都构成宾语从句。使用间接引语不用引号。例如： Mary said that she was fond of music. 玛丽说她喜欢音乐。 从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了she,am则改成了was,现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下。 1.直接引语是陈述句,改为间接引语时,则将这个陈述句改为间接引语的宾语从句,其连接词要用that(一般可省)。在将直接引语改为间接引语的宾语从句时,要注意下列的几种变化。 (1)人称的相应变化,例如： 直接：He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” 间接：He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told) 教你巧学巧记: (1) 直接引语为陈述句变间接引语口诀 当直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是: 去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活， 时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。 例如:She said，“My brother doesn’t want to go there.”→She said that her brother didn’t want to go there. (2)间直引语互变人称变化口诀 一、直接引语变为间接引语的人称变化规律可总结为， 一主、二宾、三不变。 “一主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。如: She said to him, " I can get on well with my friends here." →She told him that she could get on well with her friends there. “二宾”指把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。如: "How did you find your way here?"he asked (her).→He asked (her) how she had found her way there. “三不变”就是直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。如: You said to me, " He hasn't heard from his son for a long time."→You told me that he hadn't heard from his son for a long time. 二、与上述人称变化相反，间接引语变为直接引语的人称变化可总结为： 同主一 ，同宾二，异不变。 “同主一”是指在间接引语变为直接引语时，当间接引语中的人称与主句主语一致，则变为第一人称。如: They told you that they were preparing for their English evening then.→They said to you, " We are preparing for our English evening now." 此句中的 we，our也可用 they，their。如果这样 ，则原间接引语中的 they与主句中的they就是指不同的两方。直接引语中用we，our是 指原间接引语中的they,their与主语中的they属于同一方。又如: She told you that she would fly to London the next week. →She said to you, " I will fly to London next week. " “同宾二”指间接引语中的人称与主句间接宾语(听话人)一致，变为直接引语时变为第二人称。如: I told her that she had to (