第十一章 虚拟语气 讲义 2023届高考英语语法专题一轮复习

第十一章 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是中学英语语法中较难的部分，新大纲对此不作要求，近年高考没有考查它在条件句中的用法，但高中英语新教材中出现了不少使用虚拟语气的句子，高考在考查情态动词时有涉及虚拟语气的题目，所以了解虚拟语气的用法是必要的。 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法 非真实条件句所假设的是不可能有的条件，或者是与事实相反的条件，这又可以分为三种情况。 (1) 表示与现在事实相反 谓语动词的形式如下: 条 件 从 句 主 句 动词过去式(be用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形 I'd come too if I had time to spare.我如果匀得出时间的话，我也愿意来。(这句话的含义是:我匀不出时间，所以也就不能来) If everyone in the country knew first aid，many lives would be saved.如果每个国民都懂得怎样急救，那么就可以挽救许多人的生命了。 (二)表示与过去事实相反 谓语动词的形式如下: 条 件 从 句 主 句 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 She would hove come if she hadn't been so busy.要不是太忙，她就来了。(实际情况是她没有来) If the hurricane had happened during the day time，there would have been many deaths.要是飓风发生在白天，那么死亡人数还会更多。(实际情况是飓风发生在夜间) (三)表示与将来事实相反 谓语动词的形式如下: 条 件 从 句 主 句 动词过去式(should/could+动词原形；were to+动词原形) would/should/could/might+动词原形 If the peasants could farm the land themselves, food production would be much higher. 如果农民能为自己种地，粮食产量还会更高。 If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film. 明天要是星期天，我会去看场电影的。 [注意1]if的省略 如果条件从句的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，可省略连词if，把were，had，should放在主语前构成倒装。如果条件从句是否定式，倒装时只能把not放在主语之后，不能用缩写式把not放在主语之前。如: Were I you (=If I were you ), I would do more practice after class. 如果我是你，我会在课下多做练习。 Had you arrived (= f you had arrived) at the station ten minutes earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早到车站10分钟，你就赶上火车了。 Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。 [注意2]含蓄条件句 所谓含蓄条件句，是指if条件从句没有被明确表达出来的条件，具体分为下列几种情况： ①通过不定式短语表示条件。例如： You would be a fool to refuse his offer.(=If you should refuse his offer,you would be a fool.) 要是你拒绝他的建议，就太傻了。 It would be a mistake not to help him.(=It would be a mistake if we did not help him.)如果不帮助他那就会是一个错误。 It would hurt us to act hastily.(=…if we were to act hastily.)仓促行事会对我们不利的。 ②通过介词短语表达条件。例如： Without steel(=If there were no steel),there would be no industry.没有钢铁，就不可能有工业。 Della couldn’t have lived through Christmas without