内容正文:
第八章 连词
一、并列连词的用法
并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有同等句法功能的词、短语或分句。根据词汇意义,并列连词又可分为4类。
(一)and型表示添加意义的连词
这类连词连接两个并列或对称关系的词、短语或分句。常见的还有both…and(既……又……),not only…but also(不仅……而且……),as well as(也,和)等。如:
He can both sing and dance.他能唱会跳。
I like English and history very much.我十分喜欢英语和历史。
He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.
他不仅看过那部影片,而且记得影片的内容。
I have read his novels as well as his plays.我读过他的小说和剧本。
He went upstairs and knocked at the door. 他上楼敲门。
and有时还可以表示结果,意为“那么;则”,如例2。再如:
Come early and you will see him. 早些来,那么你就会见到他。
教你巧学巧记:
从(N)MET谈and对选项的暗示作用
大家知道,and作为并列连词,用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子,表示并列或对称关系。有些同学很容易忽略它在句中的作用,因而答错题。现结合高考题简单介绍and对选项暗示作用的几种情况。
1、对谓语动词和非谓语动词选择项的暗示作用。
①On Saturday afternoon,Mr Green went to the markets,_____ some bananas and visited his cousin.
A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy
②She set out soon after dark _____ home an hour later.
A.arriving B.to arrive C.having arrived D.and arrived
③The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_____that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added
【简析】第①题选A是因为and在题干中连接三个并列谓语。第②题选D。有的同学选A是因为不明白分词的一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生或紧接着发生这一概念。根据题干语境,“出发”与“回家”不是同时或紧接着发生的两个动作,而是一先一后的两个动作,故只有用and连接的并列谓语才能表达先后发生的两个或两个以上的一连串动作。第③题应选C,在句中作状语。如选D则要将题干中的逗号改为and。
2、在定语从句中对关联词选择的暗示作用。
④He paid the boy ten dollars for washing ten windows,most of _____ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
A.it B.them C.that D.which
⑤The lady has three daughters and ____ are at school.
A.two of them B.two of whom C.the two of them D.the two of whom
【简析】根据语义和句子结构,第④题应选D,构成非限制性定语从句。如选B,则要将题干中的逗号改成and,连接两个并列句。第⑤题应选A。因题干中有and的暗示。
3、在独立主格结构中的暗示作用。
⑥There ____ no rain now, let's start out.
A.being B.is C.will be D.was
⑦The man stood there,his sharp eyes ____ on my face.
A.fix B.fixed C.were fixed D.fixing
【简析】独立主格结构与它所依赖的句子之间没有任何连接词and, so,though等,中间只有逗号。如果有连词,则独立主格结构就要变成一个完整的句子。很容易看出第⑥题和第⑦题分别选A、B,是独立主格结构。
(二)or型表示选择意义的连词
这类连词表示两者选其一。常见的还有either…or…(或者………或者……),neither…nor…(既不……也