内容正文:
第五章 代词
英语中代词的种类多,用法各异。加之中国学生在初学英语时容易犯漏用代词、误用代词的错误,因此代词是历年来高考考查的重点。1991年全国高考题中有四处考查代词的用法。1997年、1998年均有两处考查代词。高考代词类试题中,出现频率最高的是不定代词,随后依次为指示代词、疑问代词和反身代词。
一、不定代词的用法
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数与不可数之分,泛指人或事物,或对人、事物作不确定的指代。下面将不定代词列表如下,并对易混的不定代词作分类对比介绍。
不可数
可 数
不可数或复数
单数
复数
much
more
most
(a)little
less
(the)least
one either
each neither
other another
every
some thing
any + body
no one
both
several
a few
many
all
some
any
enough
none
(一)some, any 的用法
1.some的意思是"一些,某些",可修饰可数名词或不可数名词,多用于肯定句中,可作主语、定语、宾语等。如:
There are some animals on the island.这个岛上有些动物。
I think we must buy some meat for supper.我想我们得买点肉做晚饭。
Some of my friends drink beer. 我的一些朋友喝啤酒。
当说话者盼望得到肯定的答复和表示建议、请求时,some也可用于疑问句中。如:
Would you have some tea? 您喝茶吗?
Why didn't you buy some bananas?你为什么不买点香蕉呢7
2.any的意思是 "一些",多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句,可作主语、定语、宾语。如:
Are there any people on the island? 这个岛上有人吗?
There aren't any flowers in front of the house. 房前什么花也没有。
If he has any, ask him to give us some. 如果他有,叫他给我们一些。
any用于肯定句中,表“任何一个”或“任何种类”的含义。如:
Any child can answer that question. 任何一个小孩都能 回答那个问题。
(二) it, one与that的区别
1.it/one/that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物;one与that则指代同名异物。
I have lost my umbrella;I'm looking for it.(该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella)
I have lost my umbrella;I think I must buy one.(one在该句中表泛指,因为my umbrella已经丢了)
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.(替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”,以区别“the umbrella you bought”)
2.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a/an+名词;that为特指,相当于the +名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a/an /some /any;that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the /this /that。
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.(该句中one可以换成a chair)
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.(该句中that可以换成 the water)
3.one只能代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用ones;that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用 those。
I like this pen more than that one.(one代替可数名词单数pen)
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house.(ones代替可数名词复数people)
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter.(that代替不可数名