2023届高考英语语法定语从句课件

1.定语从句的概念 定语从句—Attributive Clause 定语可以由形容词，副词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，非谓语动词等来担任。如果一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫定语从句。 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。 如1.The man who (that)came first is John. 修饰名词man 2. The handkerchief which (that)you gave me wasn’t clean. 修饰名词handkerchief 3..My father does morning exercise every day , which is good for his health. 修饰整个句子 2.定语从句的构成 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，而引导从句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。 如：There was a young man who liked paintings. 句中， who为关系代词，定语从句who liked paintings修饰先行词a young man 。 再如：This is the house where I lived last year. 句中， where为关系副词，定语从句where I lived last year修饰先行词the house。 先行词 定语从句 关系词 3.关系词的作用 关系代词有which , that , who(m),whose; 关系副词有when , where , why 关系词的作用：关系词既代替前面的先行词在从句中担任一定的成分，又把两个句子连接起来，构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。 例如：两个简单句 Thank you for the recorder .+ You gave me the recorder. 主从复合句 Thank you for the recorder which(that) you gave me. Thank you for the recorder which(that)you gave me the recorder.(F) Thank you for the recorder which(that)you gave it to me.(F) 说明：关系代词which /that代替前面的先行词the recorder,已经在从句中担任宾语，所以再在从句中加the recorder或it就重复了。 This is the best film that I have seen. 关系词 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在从句中担当一个成分 关系词的作用 1） 2） 3） 4.关系代词如何用? that 代替的先行词可以是人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。which 代替的先行词是物，在从句中作作主语、宾语。who代替的先行词是人，在从句中作主语、宾语。whose代替的先行词可以是人或物，在从句中作定语。whom代替的先行词是人，在从句中作宾语。(关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略） 如，He has returned the book which( that) he borrowed . Who is the man that is standing there? China is no longer the country that she was 50 years ago. The house which(that) stands on the hill is mine. I know the boy whose parents are dead. The book whose cover came off is hers. The woman who (that) is speaking at the meeting is Mary's mother. Tom is the boy whom (that/who) all the students make fun of. 5.关 系 副词