2023届高考英语语法-特殊句式讲义

特殊句式 倒装句：倒装主要包括完全倒装和部分倒装两种。完全倒装就是把谓语动词完全放在主语之前，而部分倒装就是把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前。 一：部分倒装 1、 疑问句中，将be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。 Can you swim? Do you like eating apples? 2、 only+状语/状语从句＂位于句首时，被该状语修饰的句子用部分倒装。 Only in this way can you improve your grade. 3、 表示＂也(不) ……＂的句式，即＂so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语＂形式。 He has made up his mind to continue with his studies. So have I. He doesn’t like living in the city. Neither/nor does his wife. 当so 表示“的确，是的”的时候，不需要倒装。 Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好 —So he is. 的确。 4、 表示否定意义的词或短语，如little, hardly, never, in no case, seldom,not,few等，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 Never have I seen such a splendid building. In no case have I noticed that dog. 5、 hardly…when，no…sooner…than(一...就...)位于句首时，其所在句子用部分倒装。 No sooner had we got there than it became dark.我们一到那里天就黑了。 6、 not...until位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. 7、 not only…but also位于句首时，含not only的分句用部分倒装。 Not only did the prices increase, but also their wages increased. 2、 完全倒装 1、表示方位、地点、时间的副词，如in, out, up, there, then, here, now等放在句首，若主 语是名词而不是代词时，句子用完全倒装。 Here comes the bus. In came a girl. 2、 分词短语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。 Lying on the couch is an old lady. 强调句：强调是一种修辞效果，是为了一定语境中的部分内容进行突出而采用的手段。 1、 主要句型 1、It is/was....that/who.....这种句型可以对主语、宾语、表语、状语、等进行强调，that没有实际意义，只起到语法连接作用，只有指人时，可用who代替that。句子中的is/was根据原句时态而定。I bought a book yesterday. 对主语强调：It was I that/who bought a book yesterday. 对宾语强调：It was a book that I bought yesterday. 对状语强调：It was yesterday that I bought a book. 被强调的部分若是句子的主语，则that/who后面的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致： It is Mary who/that is going to see you. 2、do/does/did +动词原形：如果需要对谓语动词进行强调，则使用这个句型，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 Do be careful next time. She did tell me about her address. 3、 强调句的判断，把it/is/was/that去掉，剩余的句子如果结构完整，那就是强调句。 习题 1. Only yesterday ________________ find out that his purse was lost. A. he was B. was he C. did he D. he did 2.—Lucy is quite a lovely girl. —________________. A. So is she B. So she is C. So does she