2023届高考英语语法-主谓一致讲义

主谓一致 主谓一致：指句子的谓语受主语支配，随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化。 一、三个原则 1. 意义一致：根据句子主语的含义（单复数意义）来确定谓语动词的变化。 The professor and writer is is invited to many universities to give lectures. The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 2. 语法一致：语法形式上保持一致，即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。 My bike is under the tree. These books are old. 3. 就近原则：主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致 Either my father or brother is coming. Not only you but also they are good students. 二、并列结构作主语 1、由and或both... and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 John and Mike are good friends. The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 2、 every....and every , each...and each..., no....and no.... 做主语时谓语用单数。 Each boy and each girl has been invited to the party. 3、 not....but, not only...but also..., or, either....or, neither...nor, there be、Here be 句型 谓语就近原则 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk. Here are some flowers and a card. 三、单一主语：由一个中心词或短语充当的主语 不定代词作主语： 1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3. all作主语，指代可数名词复数，谓语用复数；指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。 All is going on very well. All are present at the meeting. 4. Either/neither of+可数名词复数或复数代词作主语时，谓语单复数皆可。 集体名词作主语： 1. 有些集体名词谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如audience，class，club，committee，company，family，government，group，team。 貌似复数形式的名词作主语 1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。 The United States lies to the east of China. 2. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 3.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语，根据具体情况而定。 表数量概念的词或短语作主语 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten years has passed quickly. Ten dollars is enough. 2. ＂many a/more than one+可数单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数；more...than one作主语时，谓语用复数。 There