2023届高考英语语法精讲：定语从句讲义

 2023年高考英语语法精讲：定语从句讲义 一、关系代词as与which区别详解 1、引导限制性定语从句 引导限制性定语从句时，在such，as,the same后只能用as，其他情况用which。如: I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲那样的故事。 It's the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。 Such wind as there was came up the fiver.当时起的这种风沿江刮了上来。 He was in such a fury as I have never seen. 我从未见过他发这么大的火。 As many as ten people were found living in a single room.曾发现多达十个人住在一间房里。 It is an organization which helps the elderly.这是一个帮助老年人的机构。 2、引导非限制性定语从句 1.互换的场合 引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换。如: I live a long way from work. as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。 I had coffee after dinner, as [which] is my usual practice.我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。 Sophia was not unconscious.as[which] could be judged from her eves.索菲娅并未失去知觉，这从她的眼睛里可以看出。 2.不能互换的场合 在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时，两者不可换用: (1)当从句位于主句之前时，只用as。如: As you know. next Tuesday's meeting has been can celled.你知道，下周二的会议取消了。 As is known to every boy the moon travels round the earth once every month.月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。 (2) 当从句插在主句中间且关系代词指的是整个句子时，只用as。如: Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.弗雷迪在参加会议，这是可以预料到的。 (3) as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制: He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出国了，这是大家预料到的。 He went abroad. which was unexpected.他出国了，这计大家感到很意外。(不用as) (5) as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而which 则无此限制: Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。(不用as) 但是，若先行词不是某个具体的事物，而是一个抽象的概令，也可以用as。如: The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都注意，这项决定在事前已都得到他们的同意。 (6)当as 引导非限制性定语从句作主语时，其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不官是其他动词，而 which则无此限制: She has married again,as[which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很自常。 二、关系代词who与whom的用法区别 两者均只用于人，从理论上说，who 为主格，whom为宾格： Where’s the girl who sells the tickets? 卖票的女孩在哪里？ The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply. 你在评论中批评的那个作者已写了一封回信。 但实际上，除非在正式文体中，宾格关系代词 whom 往往省略不用，或用who或that代之： The man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。 不过，在以下几种情况值得注意： 1. 直接跟在介词后面作宾语时，只能用 whom，而且不