第一部分 专题三 词义猜测题（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮（老教材）

专题三　词义猜测题 1．考查类型：单词猜测题、词组猜测题、句意猜测题、代词指代题。 2．考查目的：词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解的重要题型之一，此类题型要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生已有的常识和经验，要求学生根据上下文，也就是利用已知信息猜测生词词义或者熟词生义，考查学生对上下文理解的能力和逻辑思维能力。 要求猜测的词一般为实词或短语，可通过构词法和上下文语境来确定单词或短语的含义。代词指代也是猜测词义的常考类型。 1．“逻辑关系”猜词义 2．“语法关系”猜词义 3．利用上下文语境猜词义 利用上下文语境猜词义，应全面考虑，除了理解文章的意思，还应结合关键词，利用名词的单复数，用词的褒贬性以及词语的组合搭配，提高猜词的准确率。需根据画线词前后的具体语境猜测词义。 4．利用构词法猜词义 题型一　单词猜测题 (2022·全国乙卷· C篇) ... Drones are already being used to examine high­tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected，the more railway safety，reliability and on­time performance will be improved．Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board． That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. ... What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to？(　C　) A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 1．题干定位 根据题干提到的画线词maintenance，可定位关键信息句。 2．锁定信息 快速在原文中定位关键信息句“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.” 3．分析对比 根据下文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure(检查和维修铁路基础设施)”。由此可知，“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway