人口老龄化+ 同题材阅读理解 学案 2023届高考拓展阅读

高考拓展阅读：人口老龄化+ 阅读理解 日本正在进行城市改造，以应对人口老龄化 【1】Toyama nestles between a deep blue bay and snow-topped peaks, some 250km northwest of Tokyo. In many ways, it is a quintessential regional Japanese city: its residents are greying, its industry is stable but sclerotic, its cuisine is exquisite. American firebombs targeting its steel mills wiped out 99% of Toyama’s centre during the second world war. Afterwards, the city was rapidly rebuilt and sprawled as its population grew. But that was then. Since the 1990s the city of 414,000 (and falling) has been battling the ills of an ageing population: ballooning bills, falling tax revenues and an out-of-date urban plan. 【1】富山位于东京西北约250公里的深蓝色海湾和积雪覆盖的山峰之间。在许多方面，它都是日本地区性城市的典型代表：居民老龄化、工业稳定但僵化，美食精致。二战期间，美国燃烧弹摧毁了富山的钢铁厂及 99% 的市中心区域。之后，随着人口的增长，这座城市迅速重建扩大。但已时过境迁。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，这座 41.4 万人口的城市一直在应对人口老龄化带来的问题：不断增加的财政支出、不断下降的税收和陈旧的城市规划。 【2】Yet Toyama has battled much better than most—even managing a modest revival. A sleek new light rail line, Japan’s first, snakes through its city centre. Skirting a spruced-up medieval castle, walls white as snow, the line runs to a formerly neglected port neighbourhood further north along the bay. A former elementary school, its classrooms surplus to requirement, has been turned into a snazzy old folks’ centre with hot-spring exercise pools. On a new central plaza stands the crown jewel of the renewed Toyama: a cultural complex designed by Kuma Kengo, a star architect, containing an extensive library and a glass art museum. 【2】然而，富山比大多数城市做的好得多 — 尽管这是一场温和的城市复兴。日本首条时髦的新轻轨线路蜿蜒穿过城市中心，沿着装饰华丽、墙壁洁白如雪的中世纪城堡一直延伸到海湾以北之前遭到忽视的港口社区。以前的一所小学教室过剩，现已变成了时髦的老人中心，里面设有温泉健身池。新的中央广场上矗立着新富山的皇冠宝石：由明星建筑师熊健吾 (Kuma Kengo) 设计的文化综合体，包括一座大型图书馆和一座玻璃艺术博物馆。   【3】The city has adopted what urban planners call a “compact city” policy. Recognising that sprawl is expensive to build, maintain and service, planners try to make cities smaller, denser and less car-reliant. These aims, long pursued in Europe, are relatively new to Japan. Local gover