简单句与并列句讲练 2022-2023学年外研版英语八年级下册

初中英语语法知识点精讲---八年级下册 简单句和并列句 · 知识精讲 ( 简单句 ) · S+Vi（主+谓）即主语+不及物动词 句子特点：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的有 appear, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise 等。 · Class begins. · We study. · He runs in the park. · I work very hard. 二 S+LV+P（主+系+表）即主语+系动词+表语 句子特点：句子的谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，需要加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作系动词。常见的系动词有： 表示状态的 be；表示变化的 become, grow, turn, fall, get；表示感官的 look, feel, smell, sound, taste 等。 · My father is a doctor. · The dish smells delicious. · My father’s hair turns grey. 三 S+Vt+O（主+谓+宾）即主语+及物动词+宾语 句子特点：谓语动词都具有实际意义，都是主语产生的动作，但后需跟宾语才能使意思完整。这类动词叫作及物动词。 · Maybe they miss you too! · We read English every day. · My father runs a big shoe factory. 四 S+Vt+Oi+Od（主+谓+间宾+直宾）即主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语句子特点：谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者（间接宾语一般是人，直接宾语一般是物）。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时也可以把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，此时间接宾语前需加介词 for 或 to。间接宾语后置且常与 for 连用的动词有 buy, make, cook, choose 等。 · My father bought me a birthday present. = My father bought a birthday present for me. · I showed Bill the map. = I showed the map to Bill. · Lao She Teahouse gives a warm welcome to everyone from China and from all over the world. 五 S+Vt+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）即主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 句子特点：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思， 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。在使役动词 make, let, have 等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号 to。 · They can help you find them. · He made us laugh. · They painted the door green. · I saw them getting on the bus. ( 并列句 ) 并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上平等而又相互独立的分句（简单句）连接而成的句子。 · 并列关系的并列句 1. 由 and 连接的并列句 and 意为“和、又、然后”，用于表示并列、递进、顺承以及动作的先后等关系。 · She did the work and she did it well. · There will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger. 2. 由 not only…but also…连接的并列句 not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”，重点强调后者。 · I not only heard it, but also (I) saw it. · She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations. not only 置于句首时，句子应用部分倒装。 · Not only has he been to Canada, but also he knows some Canadians. 3. 由 neither…nor, neither, nor 连接的并列句 n