2023届高三英语一轮复习名词性从句讲义

名词性从句 1、 定义 所谓名词性从句，就是把完整的句子当作名词来使用，在另一个句子中充当某种成分。一般来讲，名词在句中主要充当四种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语。同样，我们可以把一个完成的句子当作名词来使用，在另一个句子中充当这四种成分，于是便有了我们常说的四种名词从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 当作名词的句子：陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。这三种句子不是直接在另一个句子中作成分，而是做以下调整。 2、 调整 （1） 用陈述句作成分时，需要在陈述句句首加that来引导。 陈述句 名词从句 解释 English is interesting. That English is interesting is not my idea. 陈述句作主语，构成主语从句。 She lives here. I know that she lives here. 陈述句作宾语，构成宾语从句。 We should stay calm. My idea is that we should stay calm. 陈述句作表语，构成表语从句。 We won the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 陈述句作同位语，补充说明the news，构成同位语从句。 （2） 用一般疑问句作成分，需要先将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的陈述语序，然后在句首加上whether或if（if只用在宾语从句中）来引导，以保留原句的疑问意义。 一般疑问句 名词从句 解释 Will he come to my party? Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me. 一般疑问句作主语，构成主语从句。 Does he need my help? I don’t know if/whether he needs my help. 一般疑问句作宾语，构成宾语从句。 Will people live on the moon someday? My question is whether people will live on the moon someday. 一般疑问句作表语，构成表语从句。 Is there life on other planets? Scientists argued the question whether there is life on other planet. 一般疑问句作同为据，补充说明the question,构成同位语。 （3） 用特殊疑问句作成分时，只需要将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的陈述语序。 特殊疑问句 名词从句 解释 Why did dinosaurs become extinct? Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery. 特殊疑问句作主语，构成主语从句。 Where is the office? I don’t know where the office is. 特殊疑问句作宾语，构成宾语从句。 What are we badly in need of? Money is what we are badly in need of. 特殊疑问句作表语，构成表语从句。 When will he be back? I have no idea when he will be back. 特殊疑问句作同位语，补充说明idea,构成同位语从句。 3、 常用引导词 名词从句的引导词 对应的句子类型 是否作成分 连词：that 陈述句 不作成分 连词：whether, if 一般疑问句 不作成分 连接副词：when, where, why, how 连接代词：who, whom, what, which, whose 特殊疑问句 when, where, why, how在从句中状语； who, whom, what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； which, whose在从句中作定于，后面接名词连用。 4、 主语从句 （1） that引导的主语从句句型 that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的情况较少，例如： That he doesn’t understand English is obvious. That the world is round is a fact. 更常见的是it作形式主语置于句首而将that引导的主语从句放在句末。 It is obvious that he doesn’t understand En