2023届高考英语定语从句学习要点大汇总讲义

2023年高中英语定语从句学习要点大汇总 1.定语从句的概念和特点 定语从句在复合句中起定语作用,修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词在先行词与定语从句之间起纽带作用。关系词代表着先行词并在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。如: Aman who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller.开店售书的人叫做书商。(who sells books为定语从句,修饰先行词a man) The discussion was on the election which had taken place the dav before讨论的内容全是有关前一天选举的事。(which had taken place the day before为定语从句,修饰先行词the election) 2.关系代词和关系副词的用法 根据关系词在定语从句中的不同用法,可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要有who,whom, which, that, whose等,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词主要有when.where.why等,在定语从句中作状语。具体用法如下 (1)关系代词的用法:当先行词指人时,若它在从句中作主语,则用who;若它在从句作宾语,则用whom或who;若它在从句中作定语,则用whose。如: The man who told me this refused to tell me his name. 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。 The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it.你拿了那个女人的伞,她非常生气。 当先行词指物时,若在定语从句中作主语或宣语,则用which;若它在定语从句中作定语用,则用of which或whose.如: saw something in the paper which might interest you. 我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。 He's written a book the name of which (whose name) I've forgotten.他写了一本书,书名我给忘了。 (2)关系副词的用法,关系副词主要有whenwhere whv等,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间,在占和原因。when主要放在time,dayyears,season,age,occasion等时间的名词后;where主要放在place,city,town, village, house等地点名词后:why则通常只放在reason后。如: Wednesdayisthe day when the shops are not open in the afternoon. 星期三下午商店不开门。 Give me one reason why we should help you.给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。 activity.case.point.even.situation.job.organization.position等抽象名词后接where引导定语从句的用法(这是近几年高考的一个新热点)。如: I don't want a job where l'm chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。 Todaywe'lldiscuss a number ofcases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly今天,我们将讨论 一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely治疗将会持续到 病人可以正常且安全地行走。 Ifyou risk somethingimportantyou cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it.你如果拿重要的东 西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 3.关于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 对于介词+关系代词结构,同学们主要应注意两点,一是要判断其中的关系代词是用which还是whom(看它是指人还是指物),二是要判断其中介词的正确选用。下面给同学们归纳方法。 (1)根据定语从句中动词与介词的搭配来判断介词 The documents for which the