Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-动词不定式作定语和状语（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures— 动词不定式作定语和状语 1．(教材P40)Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find (find) answers. 2．(教材P40)They make vehicles to carry (carry) brave people into space to find (find) out the secrets of the universe. 3．(教材P41)More recently, China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore (explore) the surface of the far side of the moon to make (make) measurements and observations. 4．Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the chance to face (face) the challenge. 5．My ambition is to work (work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. [自我感知] 1．句1、2、3为动词不定式作 状语 。 2．句4为动词不定式作 定语 。 3．句5为动词不定式作 表语 。 一、动词不定式的特征与构成 动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，无意义，有时可省略。其否定形式为“not＋动词不定式”。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 以do为例，动词不定式的时态和语态构成如下： 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 完成 进行时 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行 ►My father has decided to cut out smoking. 我父亲已经决定戒烟了。 ►The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天要举行的会议很重要。 ►I'm very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing. 让你一直无所事事闲坐着我感到很抱歉。 ►The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his teacher entered the classroom. 当他的老师走进教室时小男孩假装正在读书。 [即时训练1]——单句语法填空 (1)I am really honoured to be invited (invite) to attend this global meeting. (2) To finish (finish) the task on time, we worked day and night. (3)I want to have a separate room to live (live) in. (4)Do you have the ability to read (read) and write English? 二、动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt, ability, courage, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语。 ►We must have the courage to face the challenge.我们必须有面对挑战的勇气。 ►Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ 2．动词不定式常用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all,